[0001] Building system for building a wall in masonry stones.
[0002] The present invention relates to a building system for building a wall in masonry
stones.
[0003] Here masonry stones are block-shaped elements with which a wall can be built. These
masonry stones can be made of baked brick, natural stone, concrete, wood, synthetics,
metal or any other material with which a wall can be built. It is known that traditional
outside walls are built with baked bricks or other masonry stones that are laid or
adhered next to and upon each other brick by brick and layer after layer, taking account
of openings for doors and windows according to the plan.
[0004] A disadvantage of this known method is that it is laborious and requires bricklayers
who have a minimum number of years of experience to produce good brickwork that has
a uniform appearance without zones with masonry stones with a certain colour nuance
being more concentrated than in other zones, so unattractive stains originate with
a conspicuously different appearance and without the joints unintentionally meeting
in such a way that they have the appearance of joint cracks or are proportionally
much too wide.
[0005] A problem is often that good bricklayers are difficult to find so one is compelled
to use less experienced people with a less good finish than required sometimes as
a result.
[0006] Building an outside wall also takes relatively much time and many working hours.
[0007] Moreover, it is known that bricklayers do not always closely follow the measurements
on the building plan and that the place and dimensions of the openings where windows
and doors must come are sometimes a number of centimetres away from how shown on the
plan.
[0008] That means that windows, doors and sills have to be made to size and can only be
ordered after the outside wall has been bricked and one has taken the measurements
of the abovementioned openings. This results in a delay in the construction work and
a longer time needed to finish a building.
[0009] BE 544 216 A discloses a building system according to the preamble of claim 1.
[0010] US 2007/151190 discloses a fastening element according to the preamble of claim 23.
[0011] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a solution to the abovementioned
and other disadvantages.
[0012] To this end, the invention concerns a building system for building a wall in masonry
stones, starting with prefab building elements consisting of two or more layers of
masonry stones joined, bricked, adhered or suchlike to each other, whereby the building
elements have a stepped form on at least one side such that the building elements
fit sideways with their stepped side against each other and on each other and can
be handled and laid by one person or by two persons, and whereby in an outer layer
of masonry stones a groove is applied in the longitudinal direction of the masonry
stones, whereby on the other outer layer of masonry stones a joining element is applied
with upward facing edges whereby the outside wall is built with these prefab building
elements by fitting the groove and the upward edge of prefab building elements lying
on top of each other into each other without cement, adhesives or suchlike being used
on the construction site.
[0013] An advantage of such a building system is that with such prefab building elements
building a wall progresses much faster than with the traditional building system.
[0014] Surprisingly enough, laying such building elements, even with the heaviest building
elements of for example 20 kilogram for one person or 40 kilogram for two persons,
is just as easy as building brick per brick, particularly because the building elements
lie on top of each other with their stepped sides whereby by making use of the joining
element, the building elements are automatically well aligned with each other.
[0015] Because the building element has a larger surface than one single masonry stone and
because the building elements are automatically aligned so to speak by making use
of the joining element, it is easier to make them perfectly level and vertically align
them.
[0016] In addition, the prefab building elements can be made beforehand at the factory in
better humidity and temperature conditions and in the bond required, starting with
a stock of masonry stones that is better mixed than what is possible on the site,
so the origination of undesired stains is excluded. The origination of imaginary joint
cracks can also be avoided in this way as the brickwork bond of the building elements
is set beforehand.
[0017] This means that less experienced people can be used on the site to build the wall
with such prefab building elements.
[0018] Another important additional advantage is that the outside wall can be built without
the need for mortar, adhesive or suchlike to join the prefab building elements to
each other.
[0019] On the construction site an overlying prefab building element is simply placed with
its groove over the upward facing edge of the joining element of an underlying building
element, or the upward facing edge of the joining element of an overlying building
element is simply placed in the groove of an underlying building element.
[0020] The building system preferably uses a limited number of types of building blocks,
including one or several of the following types or a combination thereof:
- flat building elements to form a straight wall or a gable with on both sides a stepped
form by the layers being shifted sideways with respect to each other, whereby the
stepped form can depending on requirements be either negative or positive, straight
or a combination thereof;
- flat building elements to form a door or window opening, with on one side a stepped
form and on the other side an unstepped straight form to form the reveal of the opening
whereby the stepped side can be either positive, negative or straight or a combination
thereof;
- angled building elements to build an outside wall corner, whereby the sides on one
or both sides have a stepped form, whereby the stepped form can depending on requirements
be either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof;
[0021] For the angled building element, this corner element starts with the selected brick
bond that determines the brickwork bond of the adjacent building elements.
[0022] The limited choice of building elements has the advantage that fewer kinds of building
elements have to be manufactured and stored, and that if the building elements are
machine-made, production can take place with more flexibility because the production
line has to be converted less often.
[0023] Preferably, based on the architect's plan a building plan is created beforehand on
which the required building elements have been drawn with the separate types shown
by colour, numbering or suchlike.
[0024] This eases the work of the bricklayer who only has to follow the building plan, which
is also possible for bricklayers with limited experience or only a few months of training.
[0025] The work of the bricklayer can be simplified even more when the building elements
arrive on the site by type, and the relative type of building elements is shown on
the pallets in the same way as on the building plan, for example with the same colour
or numbering.
[0026] It is clear that the building system according to the invention can be used for both
new construction and renovation, whereby for example a new outside wall is built around
an existing home as an additional skin or to replace the old existing skin.
[0027] The building system according to the invention comprises a joining element, whereby
the joining element has an L, T or cross-shaped cross-section and an upward facing
edge.
[0028] The building system according to the invention comprises a fastening element, whereby
the fastening element is in the form of a mainly L-shaped profile and a cooperating
pin, whereby one leg of the L-shaped profile may have a folded over edge and of which
the other leg has a feed-through hole for the pin for fastening the fastening element
to the interior wall.
[0029] With the intention of better showing the characteristics of the invention, a preferred
embodiment of a building system according to the invention and the building elements
used in it is described hereinafter, by way of an example without any limiting nature,
with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
figure 1 schematically shows a perspective view of the construction of an outside
wall according to the building system of the invention;
figures 2 to 9 show different possible types of building elements suitable for use
in a building system according to the invention;
figure 10 shows a building plan and corresponding pallets with building elements per
type as to be delivered on the construction site;
figure 11 schematically shows the construction of a wall with building elements;
figure 12 schematically shows a perspective view of a joining element according to
the invention;
figure 13 schematically shows a cross-section of the joining element from figure 12,
but applied in a masonry stone;
figure 14 schematically shows a perspective view of a fastening element according
to the invention;
figures 15 to 17 show an anchoring of an outside wall to an interior wall using a
fastening element according to the invention;
figures 18 and 19 schematically show a perspective view of different possible building
elements.
Figures 20 and 21 show alternative embodiments of construction of the L-shaped profile
22.
[0030] Figure 1 shows the foundations of a building 2 to be built with two separate layers
3 of different types of prefab building elements 4 according to the invention as they
must be placed on the foundations 1 to build an outside wall or wall 5.
[0031] The foundations 1 must be perfectly level and the required waterproof membranes are
correctly applied.
[0032] Some possible forms of building elements 4 are shown in figures 2 to 7, whereby these
are made up of two or more layers 6 of masonry stones 7 that are bricked, adhered
or suchlike on each other according to a required bond.
[0033] The building elements 4 are provided on at least one side with a stepped shape such
that the building elements 4 fit sideways with their stepped side 8 against each other
and on each other without an intermediate layer of adhesive or mortar to form layers
3 as illustrated in figure 1.
[0034] The building elements 4 are shaped and sized so they can be handled and laid by one
person, and preferably weigh no more than 20 kilograms. Handling by two persons is
also among the possibilities of the invention, whereby in that case the building elements
4 are preferably not heavier than 40 kilograms. It is obviously not excluded according
to the invention that the building elements 4 are heavier than 20 kilograms or 40
kilograms.
[0035] The forms in figures 2 to 9 are intended for the construction of straight walls,
whereby:
- the building elements 4 of figure 2 are flat building elements 4 to mark out a door
or window opening, with on one side a stepped form 8 and on the other side a straight
form 9 to form the reveal of the opening whereby the stepped side can be either positive,
negative or straight or a combination thereof;
- the building elements 4 in figures 3, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are provided on both sides
with a stepped form 8, by the layers 6 being shifted sideways with respect to each
other, whereby the stepped form can be either negative or positive, straight or a
combination thereof;
- the building element 4 of figure 5 are angled building elements 4 to form outside
wall corners that on both sides are provided with a stepped form 8 and
- whereby the different forms differ from each other in the number of masonry stones
per layer 6, but whereby the number of layers 6 is the same for all building elements
4, although this is not strictly required.
[0036] The number of layers 6 can differ for different building levels 3.
[0037] Figure 5 shows an example of an angled building element 4 according to the invention,
required to be able to build an outside wall corner, whereby the sides on one or on
both sides have a stepped form 8. The stepped form can depending on requirements be
either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof;
[0038] Figures 6 and 7 show flat building elements 4 that can be used to form a gable, whereby
these building elements 4 have one or two stepped sides 8, whereby the stepped sides
8 can be both positive or negative. The building elements 4 in figures 2, 3 and 4
can also be used in a gable.
[0039] Figure 8 shows a building element 4 with straight toothing that is obtained by applying
for example the so-called Flemish bond or English bond or suchlike used instead of
the half-brick bond in the previous figures.
[0040] Figure 9 shows a building element 4 with oblique toothing along the left-hand side
that is partly positive and partly straight, with along the straight side straight
toothing.
[0041] It is not excluded that building elements 4 as shown in figures 8 or 9 are provided
with one straight side 9, as in figure 2.
[0042] It is also possible that flat building elements 4 are provided with a straight form
9 on both sides. Such building elements 4 can have different widths consisting of
two or more layers 6 of masonry stones 7.
[0043] It is preferable, as illustrated in figure 10, to on the basis of the architect's
plan make a building plan 12 on which the required building elements 4, according
to the available forms and types, are drawn and the different types are specified,
for example by colours or numbering or by shading as is the case in figure 10.
[0044] A suitable computer program can be helpful in this as the form and the dimensions
of the building elements 4 can differ according to the type of masonry stone and the
required bond chosen by the principal.
[0045] Based on the building plan 12 the required types and quantities per type of building
element 4 can be determined and supplied in the appropriate quantities per type on
the site, preferably on pallets 13 marked per type in the same way as on the building
plan 12, for example with the same colour or shading.
[0046] That makes it particularly easy for the bricklayer, considering he can read building
element per building element off the building plan 12 and take a building element
4 of the relative type from the relative pallet 13, whereby the outside wall can be
built as a jigsaw puzzle.
[0047] Figure 10 also shows the construction of a gable using the building elements 4, whereby
the inclination is formed by making use of the necessary building elements 4 and,
if they protrude from the gable, by sawing them up beforehand in the workshop such
that they fit on the site.
[0048] Although the building elements 4 are provided to be able to be manually picked up
and laid by one person or by two persons, it is possible to ease the work by using
an appliance for hoisting and placing building elements 4 from pallets 13 on the ground.
[0049] The building elements 4 can be manufactured by stacking the masonry stones in a mould
provided to that end and joining them to each other by means of adhesive or mortar
and holding or preserving them temporarily in the mould until the adhesive or mortar
has sufficient bonding to be able to handle the formed building elements 4.
[0050] Alternatively, the building elements 4 can be manufactured by clamping masonry stones
7 layer per layer 6 in their desired position against a plate in the desired position
in relation to each other and joining them to each other by means of adhesive or mortar
and holding or preserving them temporarily in that position them until the adhesive
or mortar has sufficient bonding to be able to handle the formed building elements
4.
[0051] Here the building elements 4 are manufactured according to a freely chosen brickwork
bond.
[0052] According to the invention, the placing of the building elements 4 on the construction
site takes place without mortar or adhesive, in other words: the outside wall 5 can
be built without using mortar, adhesive or suchlike.
[0053] Instead of this, use is made of a joining element 14 according to the invention.
[0054] To this end, the building elements 4 are provided with a groove 15 in an outer layer
6 of masonry stones 7.
[0055] On the other outer layer of masonry stones 7 the joining element 14 is laid with
an upward facing edge 16. The joining element 14 is lath-shaped in the example shown.
[0056] It is possible that the joining element 14 is already applied or fixed to the building
elements 4 beforehand, as shown in the building elements 4 of figures 2, 3, 6, 7,
8 and 9, but it is also possible that the joining element 14 is only fixed in or on
the building element 4 on-site when the outside wall is being constructed.
[0057] In figure 6 the joining element 14 is applied on the shortest layer 6, while in figure
7 the joining element 14 is applied on the longest layer 6. By placing both building
elements 4 side by side with their joining elements 14 facing upwards, walls and gables
too can be constructed.
[0058] As regards the building elements 4 with two straight sides, a joining element 14
can be provided both on the outer layers 6 and on the sides.
[0059] This will allow such a building element 4 to be placed transversely so the layers
6 run vertical instead of horizontal and to join the straight sides to adjacent building
elements 4 with the joining element 14.
[0060] In this case the flat side of an adjacent building element 4, for example the building
element 4 from figure 2, must be provided with a groove 15 in its straight side.
[0061] Figure 11 shows a possible construction of a wall with building elements 4 with two
straight sides.
[0062] A possible embodiment of the joining element 14 is shown in figures 12 and 13. As
shown in these figures, the joining element 14 is lath-shaped.
[0063] The cross-section of the joining element is in this case cross-shaped, but T-shaped
would also be possible.
[0064] Both outer layers 6 of masonry stones 7 are then provided with a groove 15, whereby
the joining element 14 is cemented or adhered in one of the grooves 15 with a flange
17a by means of adhesive or mortar 18.
[0065] By cementing or adhering the joining element 14 in the groove 15, the thickness or
the height of the building element 4 will remain guaranteed because the flanges 17b
of the joining element 15 rest flat on the masonry stones 7.
[0066] The outside wall 5 is built by simply fitting or sliding together grooves 15 and
upward facing edges 16 of overlying building elements 4. The orientation of the building
elements 4, meaning whether the groove 15 or the edge 16 is facing upwards, is then
of no consequence.
[0067] By choosing the correct thickness of the flanges 17b, the flanges 17b will automatically
give the correct joint thickness between two building elements 4 on top of each other.
[0068] When placing the building elements 4 the necessary measures must be taken so the
vertical joints between the building elements 4 are equal to the vertical joint between
the masonry stones 7.
[0069] In another embodiment the cross-section could also be T-shaped, whereby the joining
element 14 would be adhered or mechanically fastened to an outer layer 6 of masonry
stones 7. The building element 4 then only has to be provided with one groove 15.
[0070] The joining element 14 is preferably fastened on the top layer 6 of masonry stones
7, but it is not excluded that this is on the bottom layer 6.
[0071] In this case the adhesive or mechanical fastening with which the joining element
14 is fastened on the building element 4 will have to be accurately applied, considering
its thickness in this case will have an influence on the dimensions of the building
element 4.
[0072] The joining element 14 is preferably made of aluminium, but the invention is not
limited in this respect. Stainless steel and/or other materials are also among the
possibilities.
[0073] The joining element 14 preferably extends as good as across the whole length of the
relative outer layer 6 of masonry stones 7, but it is obviously not excluded that
different shorter joining elements 14 are used that are successively applied in a
groove 15 of a building element 4, contiguously or with a space between two consecutive
joining elements 14.
[0074] A joining element 14 will preferably protrude in part in its longitudinal direction
along one side over the masonry stones 7, for example over a distance of 0.5 to 15
millimetres. With the construction of the wall, this protruding part will come in
the groove 15 of an adjacent building element 4 and ensure that the wall is stronger
and easier to align.
[0075] For building elements 4 with straight sides the joining element 14 ends to a distance
of for example 5 millimetres from the end of the straight side of the building element
4 so the joining element 14 is not visible.
[0076] As shown in figure 12, the joining element 14 is provided with a local break 19 in
one of the flanges 17b, so the groove 15 is freely accessible at the location of this
break.
[0077] It is obviously possible to have a number of such breaks 19 and/or that the break
19 is applied in a number of flanges 17b.
[0078] To strengthen the outside wall 5 the building elements 4 can be anchored to the interior
wall 20 by means of fastening elements 21 as shown in figure 14.
[0079] The fastening elements 21 are preferably formed by a mainly L-shaped profile 22 and
cooperating pin 23, whereby one leg of the L-shaped profile 22 has a folded over edge
24 intended to be applied in the groove 15 and of which the other leg has a feed-through
hole 25 for the pin 23 for the attachment of the L-shaped profile 22 to the pin 23
to be able to fix the fastening element 21 to the interior wall 20.
[0080] It is possible that the dimensions of the L-shaped profile 22 and the folded over
edge 24 are smaller than these of the opening 19, so the L-shaped profile 22 can be
shifted some millimetres to the left or to the right in the length of the groove 15,
depending on the necessity of fastening.
[0081] The pin 23 can differ in length according to requirements. The one leg of the L-shaped
profile 22 does not have to be provided with a folded over edge 24. It is also possible
that the L-shaped profile 22 does not have such a folded over edge 24. In this case
the L-shaped profile 22 will be fixed by means of mechanical attachment or screws
to a building element 4, on an outer layer 6 of masonry stones 7 .
[0082] Figure 14 shows such a fastening element 21 and figures 15 to 17 show the anchoring
of an outside wall 5 to an inside wall 20 using the fastening element 21.
[0083] The pin 23 has means 26 to be able to fix the pin 23 with respect to the L-shaped
profile 22.
[0084] The abovementioned means 26 consist of an adjusting screw 27 fixed on the pin 23
and a clamping screw 28 rotatably applied on the pin 23, whereby the adjusting screw
27 and the clamping screw 28 fit through the abovementioned feed-through hole 25.
A larger washer 29 loosely fitted against an upright side or stopper 35 on the pin
23 ensures a fixed, but sufficiently moving whole between the stopper 35 of the pin
23 and the clamping screw 28 by sliding the washer 29 behind folded over edges 30
of the L-shaped profile 22.
[0085] The clamping screw 28 ensures in the first instance that the washer 29 remains in
the correct place in the folded over edges 30 of the L-shaped profile 22 during adjustment
with the adjusting screw 27. After adjustment, the clamping screw 28 can be definitively
tightened, so the washer 29 and the L-shaped profile are fixed between the clamping
screw 28 and the stopper 35 of the pin 23.
[0086] After placing a building element 4, several centimetres above the break 19 in the
joining element 14 a hole 31 is drilled through the cavity insulation 32 to a certain
depth in the interior wall 17, after which a plug 33 is fitted in this hole to anchor
the pin 23 in the interior wall 17.
[0087] After a building element 4 is placed and the pin 23 has been anchored in the plug
33, an L-shaped profile 22 is placed horizontal with its feed-through hole 25 over
the pin 23 against the loose washer 29 that is positioned against the stopper 35 of
the pin 23 stands. This is shown in figure 15. The lateral movement, in the case of
figure 15 to the left, slides the loose washer 29 between the folded over flanges
31 of the L-shaped profile 22. In this way a fixed, but still sufficiently moving,
cooperating and adjustable whole is obtained with sufficient space above the building
element 4 to bring the L-shaped profile 22 from a horizontal to a vertical position
whereby the folded over edge 24 arrives in the groove 15 at the location of the break
19.
[0088] As already mentioned above, the L-shaped profile 22 will be able to move several
millimetres in the groove 15, so limited play in the fastening is obtained.
[0089] Then the depth to which the pin 23 is applied in the hole 31 can be somewhat changed
by turning the adjusting screw 27 before the clamping screw 28 is fixed on the pin
23.
[0090] By tightening this adjusting screw 27, the fastening element 21 moves closer or further
away so the building block 4 can be adjusted and the outside wall 5 is fully and correctly
aligned. Once correct adjustment has been obtained, the clamping screw 28 can be definitively
tightened, so the washer 29 and the L-shaped profile 22 are fixed between the clamping
screw 28 and the stopper 35 of the pin 23. This is shown in figure 17.
[0091] In this way the outside wall 5 is firmly anchored building element 4 after building
element, so large parts of the outside wall 5 can be constructed without having to
be afraid that a wind gust or another unforeseen load could cause the new brickwork
to sink or fall over.
[0092] It is important to note that the L-shaped profile 22 can no longer be lifted out
of the groove 15 once the overlying layer of building elements 4 has been placed.
[0093] The building elements 4 are supported above window, door or other openings by L-shaped
lintels as in traditional brickwork.
[0094] It is clear that the building elements 4 can already be provided with L-shaped profiles
22 beforehand. This means: the L-shaped profiles 22 are fastened with folded over
edge 24 in the groove 15, at the location of the break 19, for example when the joining
element 14 is adhered or mechanically fastened to the building element 4. The fastening
pin 23 and the associated means 26 will then be adapted and applied in a suitable
fashion.
[0095] According to a preferred characteristic, the pin 23 is provided with size indication
from which it is clear how deep the pin 23 is inserted in the hole 31.
[0096] This has the advantage that when a first pin 23 is inserted and adjusted, one can
read off how deep the pin 23 goes into the hole, so the same depth can be used for
the other pins 23 without having to measure after which the L-shaped profile 22 is
fixed to the pin 23.
[0097] This size indication can be in different forms: for example by parallel numbered
lines on the pin 23, as on a measuring rule, or with consecutive coloured rings on
the pin 23.
[0098] Because the building elements 4 always have the same height and because the pin 23
with its size indication in numbered lines or coloured rings can be adjusted consistently,
traditional means such as building struts and bricking cords to keep a wall horizontally
and vertically straight are no longer required. The traditional system can however
also be used. One must, however, ensure that the wall against which the pin 23 fixed
is vertical and the foundations on which the first layer of building elements 4 is
applied is horizontal.
[0099] In a last step a pointing mortar can be applied in all joints. The flanges 17b of
the joining element 14 will keep the pointing mortar in the horizontal joint between
the building elements 4 so during pointing the pointing mortar cannot arrive in the
cavity wall, i.e. the space between the outside wall 5 and the inside wall 10.
[0100] If the masonry stones 7 are cemented on each other with a mortar with a joint thickness
of for example one centimetre, the flange 17b will also be approximately one centimetre
thick so a joint of one centimetre can be obtained between the respective building
elements 4. Obviously the thickness of the flange 17b will determine the thickness
of the joint. If the masonry stones 7 of a building element 4 are adhered on top of
each other so there is no actual joint between the masonry stones 7, the flange 17b
will only be a few millimetres thick as there is also no need for a joint between
the building elements 4.
[0101] At the stepped sides of the building elements 4 a seal will be placed to allow the
pointing of the stepped sides, whereby this seal will also prevent pointing mortar
from getting into the cavity wall.
[0102] If building elements 4 are applied with straight toothing 8, as shown in figures
8 and 9, the construction method will differ somewhat from that described above.
[0103] Indeed, it will then not be possible to have the building elements 4 lower vertically
over the joining element 14 of underlying building elements 4. The building elements
4 must be slid into place sideways over the joining element 14.
[0104] The last building element 4 of a building level 3 and the corner building elements
4 will however not be able to be slid in sideways.
[0105] To solve this, with such building elements 4 the groove 15a on the rear, being the
cavity side, is ground out. This is shown in figures 18 and 19, for a corner building
element 4 and a flat building element 4, respectively.
[0106] With a corner building element 4 the groove 15a on one side of the corner is fully
ground out.
[0107] The corner building element 4 can be slid with the other not ground out side with
its groove 15 sideways over the joining element 14 of the underlying building level
3.
[0108] By not yet fully sliding the corner building element 4 against the adjacent building
element 4, the last building element 4 can be placed, after which one can slide the
corner building element 4 into place, whereby the ground out side of the corner building
element 4 is placed against the joining element 14. This means this last joining element
14 is not clamped.
[0109] For a building element 4 as shown in figure 19, this building element will be able
to be placed last, whereby the groove 15a of the building element can be placed against
the upward facing edge 16 of the joining element 14 by sliding it perpendicular to
the surface of the wall 5.
[0110] Here at least one additional fastening must preferably be made to the laterally located
building element 4.
[0111] This can for example, but not necessarily, be done using a pre-inserted pin 34 on
the rear of the relative building element 4.
[0112] After placing the building element 4 this pin 34 will be extended and clamped behind
the lateral building element 4. The abovementioned method is possible both with adhered
brickwork, with a joint of for example 3 millimetres, and with brickwork with a joint
of 10 millimetres or more.
[0113] In the case of brickwork with a joint of 10 millimetres or more, it is also possible
to make the upward facing edge 16 a bit less high than the joint thickness to be provided.
[0114] As a result, the last building element 4 will be able to be slid between the already
placed building elements 4 of the building level 3 in a direction perpendicular to
the surface of the wall 5, until it comes against the joining element 14 and to be
lifted over the joining element 14 after which it drops back into the desired position.
[0115] Preferably, the abovementioned building elements 4 can be manually or machine-made
in a workplace. For the latter one can, for example, follow the known techniques of
prefab brickwork production.
[0116] It is not excluded that on the rear of larger building elements 4 a reinforcement
fabric or net is applied to assure safety during transport and during the placing
of the building elements.
[0117] The different modules are placed per type in coloured transport crates or pallets
13, of which for example the colours correspond to the colours mentioned on the building
plan 12, for transport to the sites or building locations. Figures 20 and 21 illustrate
two alternative embodiments for the L-shaped profile 22, not provided with the abovementioned
folded over edge 24.
[0118] In figure 20 the break 19 in the flange 17b of the joining element 14 has a T-shape,
whereby the one leg of the L-shaped profile 22 has a correspondingly shaped end 36,
so it fits in the abovementioned break 19 and is fixed there.
[0119] Also in this case the L-shaped profile 22 will, depending on the necessity of fastening,
be able to be slid sideways a few millimetres to the left or right in the break 19,
because the latter has slightly larger dimensions.
[0120] Hereby it must be noted that it is of importance that the larger dimensions of the
break 19 preferably only allow lateral movement and no forward and backward movement,
meaning the building element 4 or the joining element 14 move away and towards building
element 4 or joining element 14. That can be achieved by ensuring that dimensions
A and B as indicated on the figure 20 are equal.
[0121] Obviously the specific shape is only one possibility and it is to be understood that
other forms than a T-shape are also possible, such as a dovetail form.
[0122] In figure 20 the joining element 14 has a break 19 in the flange 17b and in the upward
facing edge 16, so the groove 15 is fully freed.
[0123] The one leg of the L-shaped profile 22 has a feed-through hole 37, so the L-shaped
profile 22 can be screwed tight with a screw or suchlike that can be fixed through
the feed-through hole 37 in the groove 15.
[0124] The screw can be a regular screw or a screw that expands on the sides when screwing
so automatic clamping in the groove 15 takes place.
[0125] Also for these last two embodiments of the L-shaped profile 22 the overlying building
elements 4 will stop the L-shaped profile 22 from coming out of the groove 15.
[0126] The present invention is by no means limited to the embodiment described as an example
and shown in the drawings, but a building system according to the invention can be
realised in all kinds of forms, materials and dimensions for various applications
such as in walls, floors and ceilings, for use in interior and exterior work on all
sorts of buildings and constructions without departing from the scope of the invention
as defined by the claims.
1. Building system for building a wall (5) in masonry stone (7), whereby one departs
from prefab building elements (4) consisting of two or more layers (6) of masonry
stones (7) bricked, joined, adhered or suchlike to each other, whereby the building
elements (4) have a stepped form (8) on at least one side such that the building elements
(4) fit sideways with their stepped (8) side against each other and on each other
and can be handled and laid by one person or by two persons, characterised in that in an outer layer (6) of masonry stones (7) a groove (15) is applied in the longitudinal
direction of the masonry stones (7), whereby on the other outer layer (6) of masonry
stones a joining element (14) is applied with an upward facing edge (16), whereby
both outer layers (6) of masonry stones (7) are provided with a groove (15), whereby
the joining element has a T- or cross-shaped cross-section, whereby the joining element
(14) is cemented or adhered with a flange (17a) in the groove (15) and whereby the
wall (5) is built with these prefab building elements (4) by fitting the groove (15)
and the upward edge (16) of prefab building elements (4) lying on top of each other,
into each other without cement, adhesives or suchlike being used on the construction
site, whereby the joining element (14) is provided with one or more local breaks (19)
in one or more of its flanges (17b), so the groove (15) is freely accessible at the
location of these breaks (19).
2. Building system according to claim 1, characterised in that the joining element (14) is applied on the outer layer (6) of masonry stones (7)
by means of adhesives, mechanical fastening, cementing or suchlike.
3. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the joining element (14) extends in one or more parts over as good as the whole length
of the relative outer layer (6) of masonry stones (7).
4. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the joining element (14) protrudes in its longitudinal direction along one side over
the masonry stones (7) over a distance of 0.5 to 15 millimetres.
5. Building system according to any one of the previous claims,
characterised in that a limited number of types of building elements (4) is used, including one or more
of the following types or a combination thereof:
- flat building elements to form a straight wall or a gable end with on both sides
a stepped form by the layers being shifted sideways with respect to each other, whereby
the stepped form depending on requirements can be either negative or positive, straight
or a combination thereof;
- flat building elements to form a door or window opening, with on one side a stepped
form and on the other side an unstepped straight form to form the reveal of the opening
whereby the stepped side (8) can be either positive, negative or straight or a combination
thereof this;
- angled building elements to build an outside wall corner, whereby the sides on one
or both sides have a stepped form, whereby the stepped form depending on requirements
can be either negative or positive, straight or a combination thereof.
6. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the required building elements (4) are configured to be drawn on a building plan
(12) beforehand and the individual building elements (4) are marked or indicated by
colours, shading, numbering or suchlike.
7. Building system according to claim 6, characterise in that based on the building plan
(12) the required types and numbers of building elements (4) are configured to be
determined and the appropriate numbers and types are configured to be supplied on
the site.
8. Building system according to claim 7, characterised in that the building elements (4) are configured to be supplied on the site in crates or
pallets (13) per type, whereby the type can be specified on the crate or on the pallet
(13) in the same way as on the building plan (12), for example with the same colour,
shading, numbering or suchlike.
9. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the weight of the building elements (4) is lighter than 40 kilograms, preferably
even lighter than 20 kilograms.
10. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that the building elements (4) are able to be manufactured according to a freely chosen
brickwork bond.
11. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, characterised in that for the manufacture of the building elements (4) the masonry stones (7) are configured
to be stacked in a mould provided to that end and joined to each other by means of
adhesive or mortar and held or preserved temporarily in the mould until the adhesive
or mortar has sufficient bonding to be able to handle the formed building elements
4.
12. Building system according to any one of the previous claims, said system further comprising
fastening elements (21), whereby the building elements are provided beforehand with
the fastening elements (21) or that a fastening element (21) is fixed in the abovementioned
groove (15) of one or several masonry stones (7) or on an outer layer (6), mechanically
fastened or screwed for joining this building element (4) with an interior wall (20)
.
13. Building system according to claim 12, characterised in that the fastening elements (21) are applied or can be applied in the groove (15) or on
an outer layer (6) of masonry stones (7) at the location of the abovementioned breaks
(19) in the flanges (17b) of the joining element (14).
14. Building system according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that fastening elements (21) in the form of a mainly L-shaped profile (22) and a cooperating
associated pin (23) are used, whereby one leg of the L-shaped profile (22) has a folded
over edge (24) intended to be applied in the abovementioned groove (15) and of which
the other leg has a feed-through hole (25) for the pin (23) for attaching the fastening
element (21) to the interior wall (20).
15. Building system according to claim 14, characterised in that the pin (23) is provided with means (26) to be able to fix the pin (23) with respect
to the L-shaped profile (22).
16. Building system according to claim 15, characterised in that the abovementioned means (26) consist of an adjusting screw (27) applied fixed on
the pin (23) and a clamping screw (28) rotatably applied on the pin (23) and a washer
(29) applied fixed on the pin (23), whereby the adjusting screw (27) and the clamping
screw (28) fit through the abovementioned feed-through hole and the washer (29) does
not and whereby the L-shaped profile (22) can be clamped between the clamping screw
(28) and the washer (29).
1. Bausystem zum Bauen einer Mauer (5) aus Mauerwerkstein (7), wodurch eines von vorgefertigten
Bauelementen (4) abweicht, das aus zwei oder mehr Schichten (6) von Mauerwerksteinen
(7) besteht, die miteinander vermauert, verbunden, verklebt oder dergleichen sind,
wobei die Bauelemente (4) eine abgestufte Ausbildung (8) auf wenigstens einer Seite
derart aufweisen, dass die Bauelemente (4) mit ihrer abgestuften (8) Seite gegeneinander
und aufeinander seitlich passen und von einer Person oder von zwei Personen gehandhabt
und verlegt werden können, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einer Außenschicht (6) der Mauerwerksteine (7) eine Nut (15) in Längsrichtung
der Mauerwerksteine (7) aufgebracht ist, wobei auf der anderen Außenschicht (6) der
Mauerwerksteine ein Verbindungselement (14) mit einer nach oben gerichteten Kante
(16) aufgebracht ist, wobei beide Außenschichten (6) der Mauerwerksteine (7) mit einer
Nut (15) versehen sind, wobei das Verbindungselement einen T- oder kreuzförmigen Querschnitt
aufweist, wobei das Verbindungselement (14) mit einem Flansch (17a) in der Nut (15)
zementiert oder verklebt ist und wobei die Wand (5) mit diesen vorgefertigten Bauelementen
(4) gebaut wird, indem die Nut (15) und die Oberkante (16) der aufeinander liegenden
vorgefertigten Bauelemente (4) ineinander eingepasst werden, ohne dass auf der Baustelle
Zement, Klebstoffe oder dergleichen verwendet werden, wobei das Verbindungselement
(14) mit einem oder mehreren lokalen Brüchen (19) in einem oder mehreren seiner Flansche
(17b) versehen ist, so dass die Nut (15) an der Stelle dieser Brüche (19) frei zugänglich
ist.
2. Bausystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungselement (14) an eine Außenschicht (6) der Mauerwerksteine (7) mittels
Klebstoffe, mechanischer Befestigung, Zementierung oder dergleichen aufgebracht ist.
3. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das Verbindungselement (14) in einem oder mehreren Teilen über so gut wie die
gesamte Länge der relativen Außenschicht (6) der Mauerwerksteine (7) erstreckt.
4. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verbindungselement (14) entlang einer Seite über die Mauerwerksteine (7) über
einen Abstand von 0,5 bis 15 Millimetern in seiner Längsrichtung vorsteht.
5. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine begrenzte Anzahl von Arten von Bauelementen (4) verwendet wird, einschließlich
der folgenden Typen und/oder einer Kombination davon:
- flache Bauelemente, um eine gerade Wand oder ein Giebel mit auf beiden Seiten abgestufter
Ausbildung auszubilden, indem die Schichten in Bezug zueinander seitlich verschoben
werden, wodurch die abgestufte Ausbildung je nach Anforderungen entweder negativ oder
positiv, gerade oder eine Kombination davon sein kann;
- flache Bauelemente, um eine Tür- oder Fensteröffnung auszubilden, mit auf einer
Seite einer abgestuften Ausbildung und auf der anderen Seite einer nicht abgestuften
geraden Ausbildung, um die Laibung der Öffnung auszubilden, wodurch die abgestufte
Seite (8) entweder positiv, negativ oder gerade oder eine Kombination davon sein kann;
- abgewinkelte Bauelemente, um eine Außenwandecke zu bauen, wodurch die Seiten auf
einer oder beiden Seiten eine abgestufte Ausbildung aufweisen, wobei die abgestufte
Ausbildung je nach Anforderungen entweder negativ oder positiv, gerade oder eine Kombination
davon sein kann.
6. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die erforderlichen Bauelemente (4) konfiguriert sind, um zuvor auf einem Bauplan
(12) gezeichnet zu werden und die einzelnen Bauelemente (4) durch Farben, Schattierungen,
Nummerierungen oder dergleichen markiert oder angegeben werden.
7. Bausystem nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass basierend auf dem Bauplan (12) die erforderlichen Arten und Anzahlen von Bauelementen
(4) konfiguriert sind, um bestimmt zu werden und die geeigneten Anzahlen und Arten
konfiguriert sind, um an die Baustelle geliefert zu werden.
8. Bausystem nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bauelemente (4) konfiguriert sind, um auf der Baustelle in Kisten oder Paletten
(13) nach Art geliefert zu werden, wodurch die Art auf der Kiste oder auf der Palette
(13) auf die gleiche Weise wie auf dem Bauplan (12), zum Beispiel mit der gleichen
Farbe, Schattierung, Nummerierung oder dergleichen, vorgegeben werden kann.
9. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewicht der Bauelemente (4) leichter als 40 kg, vorzugsweise sogar leichter als
20 kg ist.
10. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bauelemente (4) nach einem frei gewählten Mauerwerksverbund hergestellt werden
können.
11. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für die Herstellung der Bauelemente (4) die Mauerwerksteine (7) konfiguriert sind,
um in einer zu diesem Zwecke bereitgestellten Form gestapelt und miteinander mittels
Klebstoff oder Mörtel verbunden und vorübergehend in der Form gehalten oder aufbewahrt
werden, bis der Klebstoff oder Mörtel einen ausreichenden Verbund aufweist, um die
ausgebildeten Bauelemente (4) handhaben zu können.
12. Bausystem nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das System ferner Befestigungselemente
(21) umfasst, wodurch die Bauelemente zuvor mit den Befestigungselementen (21) versehen
sind oder dass ein Befestigungselement (21) in der oben genannten Nut (15) aus einem
oder mehreren Mauerwerksteinen (7) oder auf einer Außenschicht (6) fixiert ist, die
zum Verbinden dieses Bauelements (4) mit einer Innenwand (20) mechanisch befestigt
oder verschraubt ist.
13. Bausystem nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Befestigungselemente (21) in der Nut (15) oder auf einer Außenschicht (6) der
Mauerwerksteine (7) an der Stelle der oben genannten Brüchen (19) in den Flanschen
(17b) des Verbindungselements (14) aufgebracht sind oder aufgebracht werden können.
14. Bausystem nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass Befestigungselemente (21) in Ausbildung eines hauptsächlich L-förmigen Profils (22)
und eines zusammenwirkenden zugehörigen Stifts (23) verwendet werden, wodurch ein
Schenkel des L-förmigen Profils (22) eine umgefaltete Kante (24) aufweist, die vorgesehen
ist, in die oben genannte Nut (15) aufgebracht zu werden, und von der der andere Schenkel
ein Durchgangsloch (25) für den Stift (23) zum Anbringen des Befestigungselements
(21) an der Innenwand (20) aufweist.
15. Bausystem nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stift (23) mit Mitteln (26) versehen ist, um den Stift (23) in Bezug auf das
L-förmige Profil (22) fixieren zu können.
16. Bausystem nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die oben genannten Mittel (26) aus einer an dem Stift (23) fixiert aufgebrachten
Einstellschraube (27) und einer an dem Stift (23) drehbar aufgebrachten Spannschraube
(28) und einer an dem Stift (23) fixiert aufgebrachten Unterlegscheibe (29) bestehen,
wodurch die Einstellschraube (27) und die Spannschraube (28) durch das oben genannte
Durchgangsloch und die Unterlegscheibe (29) nicht passen und wobei das L-förmige Profil
(22) zwischen der Spannschraube (28) und der Unterlegscheibe (29) eingespannt werden
kann.
1. Système de construction destiné à la construction d'un mur (5) en pierres de maçonnerie
(7), dans lequel on part d'éléments de construction préfabriqués (4) qui sont constitués
par deux couches (6) de pierres de maçonnerie (7) ou plus maçonnées, assemblées, collées
ou analogues, les unes aux autres, dans lequel les éléments de construction (4) possèdent
une forme échelonnée (8) sur au moins un côté d'une manière telle que les éléments
de construction (4) s'appliquent latéralement avec leur côté échelonné (8) les uns
contre les autres et les uns sur les autres et peuvent être manipulés et posés par
une personne ou par deux personnes, caractérisé en ce que, dans une couche externe (6) de pierres de maçonnerie (7) on applique une rainure
(15) dans la direction longitudinale des pierres de maçonnerie (7), dans lequel, sur
l'autre couche externe (6) de pierres de maçonnerie, on applique un élément de jonction
(14) qui comprend un bord (16) qui est orienté vers le haut, dans lequel les deux
couches externes (6) de pierres de maçonnerie (7) sont munies d'une rainure (15),
dans lequel l'élément de jonction possède une section transversale possédant une configuration
en forme de T ou en forme de croix, dans lequel l'élément de jonction (14) est cimenté
ou est collé avec un rebord (17a) dans la rainure (15) et dans lequel le mur (5) est
construit avec ces éléments de construction préfabriqués (4) en appliquant la rainure
(15) et le bord supérieur (16) des éléments de construction préfabriqués (4) qui sont
disposés chacun les uns par-dessus les autres, respectivement l'un dans l'autre en
l'absence de ciment, de colles ou analogues que l'on utilise sur le chantier de construction,
dans lequel l'élément de jonction (14) est muni d'une ou plusieurs interruptions locales
(19) dans un ou plusieurs de ses rebords (17b), tant et si bien que la rainure (15)
est accessible à l'endroit occupé par ces interruptions (19).
2. Système de construction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de jonction (14) est appliqué sur la couche externe (6) des pierres de
maçonnerie (7) en utilisant des colles, une fixation mécanique, un cimentage ou analogue.
3. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de jonction (14) s'étend en une ou plusieurs parties par-dessus pour ainsi
dire toute la longueur de la couche externe relative (6) des pierres de maçonnerie
(7).
4. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de jonction (14) fait saillie dans sa direction longitudinale le long d'un
côté par-dessus les pierres de maçonnerie (7) sur une distance de 0,5 à 15 mm.
5. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise un nombre limité de types d'éléments de construction (4), y compris
un ou plusieurs types parmi les types suivants ou une combinaison des types en question
:
- des éléments de construction de forme plate pour obtenir un mur droit ou un mur
de pignon avec, sur les deux côtés, une forme échelonnée par le fait que les couches
sont décalées latéralement chacune par rapport à l'autre ; dans lequel la forme échelonnée,
en fonction des exigences, peut être soit négative ou positive, droite, ou représenter
une combinaison desdites formes ;
- des éléments de construction de forme plate pour obtenir une ouverture de porte
ou de fenêtre, avec sur un côté, une forme échelonnée, et sur l'autre côté, une forme
droite non échelonnée afin d'obtenir l'indication de l'ouverture, dans lequel le côté
échelonné (8) peut être positif, négatif ou droit ou peut représenter une combinaison
desdits côtés ;
- des éléments de construction formant un angle destinés à la construction d'un angle
de mur extérieur, dans lequel les côtés, sur un côté ou sur les deux côtés, possèdent
une forme échelonnée, dans lequel la forme échelonnée en fonction des exigences, peut
être soit négative ou positive, droite, ou représenter une combinaison desdites formes
;
6. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de construction requis (4) sont configurés pour être tracés sur un plan
de construction (12 au préalable et les éléments de construction individuels (4) sont
marqués ou indiqués par des couleurs, un ombrage, une numérotation, ou analogues.
7. Système de construction selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que, en prenant comme base le plan de construction (12) les types requis et les nombres
requis d'éléments de construction (4) sont configurés pour être déterminés et les
nombres et les types appropriés sont configurés pour être apportés sur le chantier.
8. Système de construction selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de construction (4) sont configurés pour être apportés sur le chantier
dans des caisses ou sur des palettes (13) par type, dans lequel le type peut être
spécifié sur la caisse ou sur la palette (13) de la même manière que sur le plan de
construction (12), par exemple avec la même couleur, le même ombrage, la même numérotation
ou analogue.
9. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le poids des éléments de construction (4) est inférieur à 40 kg, de préférence même
inférieur à 20 kg.
10. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de construction (4) peuvent être confectionnés en fonction d'un appareil
de maçonnerie en briques librement sélectionné.
11. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, à des fins de fabrication des éléments de construction (4), les pierres de maçonnerie
(7) sont configurées pour être empilées dans un moule prévu à cet effet et pour être
jointes chacune l'une à l'autre en utilisant de la colle ou du mortier et pour être
maintenues ou conservées de manière temporaire dans le moule jusqu'à ce que la colle
ou le mortier manifeste un effet de liaison qui est suffisant pour pouvoir manipuler
les éléments de construction obtenus (4).
12. Système de construction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit système comprend en outre des éléments de fixation (21), dans lequel les éléments
de construction sont munis à l'avance des éléments de fixation (21) ou en ce qu'un élément de fixation (21) est fixé dans la rainure susmentionnée (15) d'une ou de
plusieurs pierres de maçonnerie (7) ou sur une couche externe (6), fixé de manière
mécanique ou vissé pour la jonction de cet élément de construction (4) avec un mur
intérieur (20).
13. Système de construction selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de fixation (21) sont appliqués ou peuvent être appliqués dans la rainure
(15) ou sur une couche externe (6) de pierres de maçonnerie (7) à l'endroit occupé
par les interruptions susmentionnées (19) dans les rebords (17b) de l'élément de jonction
(14).
14. Système de construction selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisé en ce que l'on utilise des éléments de fixation (21) sous la forme d'un profilé (22) qui possède
principalement une configuration en forme de L et d'une broche associée (23) qui coopère,
dans lequel une branche du profilé (22) configurée en forme de L possède un bord replié
(24) destiné à venir s'appliquer dans la rainure susmentionnée (15) et dont l'autre
branche possède un trou de passage (25) destiné à la broche (23) à des fins de fixation
de l'élément de fixation (21) au mur intérieur (20).
15. Système de construction selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que la broche (23) est munie de moyens (26) qui permettent de fixer la broche (23) par
rapport au profilé (22) configuré en forme de L.
16. Système de construction selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les moyens susmentionnés (26) sont constitués par une vis de réglage (27) qui est
appliquée à l'état fixe sur la broche (23) et par une vis de serrage (28) qui est
appliquée en rotation sur la broche (23) et par une rondelle (29) qui est appliquée
à l'état fixe sur la broche (23), dans lequel la vis de réglage (27) et la vis de
serrage (28) viennent s'insérer à travers le trou de passage susmentionné et la rondelle
(29) ne le fait pas, et dans lequel le profilé (22) configuré en forme de L peut être
serré entre la vis de serrage (28) et la rondelle (29).