A TRANSFORMER ASSEMBLY FOR ELECTRIC GRIDS AND A RELATED CONTROL METHOD

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a transformer assembly for electric grids, e.g. electric power transmission and distribution grids.

[0002] In a further aspect the present invention relates to a method for controlling a tap changer included in said transformer assembly.

[0003] Electric transformers are widely used in electric grids to transmit electric power between grid sections operating at different nominal voltages.

[0004] Prior art document KR 2006 0097527 A discloses a power saving control system comprising a transformer with a tab changer on the input side and the load on the output side.

[0005] As it is known, transformers are subject to power losses in operation.

[0006] Power losses generally include the so-called "load power losses", arising only when the voltage transformer operates in a so-called "load condition" (i.e. it is electrically connected with a corresponding grid section at the primary side and with a corresponding grid section at the secondary side), and the so-called "no-load power losses", which are always present when a voltage transformer operates.

[0007] No-load power losses can be observed when a transformer is in a so-called "no-load condition", i.e. it is electrically connected with a corresponding grid section at the primary side and it is electrically disconnected from a corresponding grid section at the secondary side. In this situation, due to the induced magnetic flux generated by the primary windings, a current (the so called "no-load current") circulates along the magnetic core even if the secondary windings of the transformer are disconnected from any electric load. Said no-load current generates power losses in the magnetic core and along the primary windings, which are strongly dependent on the magnetic flux.

[0008] No-load power losses represent a relevant issue, particularly when the transformer is frequently subject to a no-load condition, as it occurs when it is installed in renewable energy production facilities or in electric grids provided with redundancy systems.

[0009] As an example, energy dissipation costs due to no-load power losses in a medium-size power transformer intended for use in a renewable energy production facility are normally estimated in the order of thousands EUR/kW per year.

[0010] A simple solution to reduce no-load power losses would be designing the magnetic core of the transformer in such a way to generate a lower magnetic flux. However, such an approach would unacceptably limit the performances of the transformer where this latter is in a load condition, in practice when exploiting its major function of transferring electric power between different grid sections.

[0011] The main aim of the present invention is providing a transformer assembly for electric grids, which allows solving or mitigating the technical issues evidenced above.

[0012] Within this aim, an object of the present invention is providing a transformer assembly, in which it is possible to reduce no-load power losses effectively, when the electric transformer operates in a no-load condition.

[0013] A further object of the present invention is providing transformer assembly that can be industrially realized at competitive costs.

[0014] These aim and objects are achieved by a transformer assembly for electric grids, according to the following claim 1 and the related dependent claims.

[0015] In a general definition, the transformer assembly, according to the invention, comprises:

• an electric transformer comprising a magnetic core, a first side including one or more first windings enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a first grid section and a second side including one or more second windings enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a second grid section;
• a tap changer operatively associated with said electric transformer to vary the number of turns enchained with said magnetic core for said first windings;
• a control unit operatively coupled with said tap changer to control the operation of said tap changer.

[0016] The control unit is configured to:

• acquire input data indicative of an electrical connectivity condition of said second grid section with said second windings;
• basing on said input data, determine whether said transformer is in a load condition or in a no-load condition;
• if said transformer is in a no-load condition, command said tap changer to set a maximum available number of turns for said first windings.

[0017] Preferably, said control unit is configured to control said tap changer in such a way to carry out a regulation of a second voltage provided at said second windings, if said transformer is in a load condition.

[0018] Preferably, the transformer assembly, according to the invention, comprises:

• current sensing means adapted to provide first sensing signals indicative of a second current circulating along said second windings;
• voltage sensing means adapted to provide second sensing signals indicative of a second voltage provided at said second windings.

[0019] Conveniently, said control unit is operatively coupled with said voltage sensing means.

[0020] Preferably, said control unit is configured to acquire said input data by processing the first sensing signals provided by said current sensing means.

[0021] Preferably, the transformer assembly, according to the invention, comprises signalling means adapted to receive the first sensing signals provided by said current sensing means and provide third sensing signals indicative of the level of the current circulating along said second windings.

[0022] Preferably, said control unit is configured to acquire said input data by processing said third sensing signals.

[0023] Preferably, said signalling means include an electronic relay.

[0024] Preferably, said transformer assembly comprises a suitable Station Service Voltage Transformer (SSVT) for providing an auxiliary power supply, e.g. for feeding said control unit. Said SSVT can be a capacitive voltage transformer (typically oil-filled insulated) or an inductive voltage transformer (typically gas insulated).

[0025] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to an electric grid, according to the following claim 8.

[0026] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for controlling a tap changer included in a transformer assembly as illustrated above, according to the following claim 9 and the related dependent claims.

[0027] The method, according to the invention, comprises the following steps:

• acquiring input data indicative of an electrical connectivity condition of said second grid section with said second windings;
• basing on said input data, determining whether said transformer is in a load condition or in a no-load condition;
• if said transformer is in a no-load condition, commanding said tap changer to set a maximum available number of turns for said first windings.

[0028] Preferably, the method, according to the invention, comprises the following step:

• controlling said tap changer in such a way to carry out a regulation of a second voltage provided at said second windings, if said transformer is in a load condition.

[0029] Preferably, said step of acquiring said input data includes processing the first sensing signals provided by said current sensing means.

[0030] Preferably, said step of acquiring said input data includes processing the third sensing signals provided by said signalling means.

[0031] Further characteristics and advantages of the present invention will be more apparent with reference to the description given below and to the accompanying figures, provided purely for explanatory and non-limiting purposes, wherein:

• Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a transformer assembly, according to an embodiment of the present invention;
• Fig. 2 schematically illustrates a transformer assembly, according to another embodiment of the present invention;
• Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a method for controlling a tap changer included in the transformer assembly, according to the present invention.

[0032] With reference to the aforesaid figures, the transformer assembly 1, according to the invention, will now be described in details.

[0033] The transformer assembly 1 is particularly adapted for use in electric grids, more particularly in electric power transmission and distribution grids.

[0034] The transformer assembly 1 comprises an electric transformer 2 basically operating as a voltage transformer configured to transmit electric power between different grid sections operating at different nominal voltages.

[0035] The transformer 2 comprises a magnetic core 20, a first side 2A including one or more first windings 21 enchained with the magnetic core 20 and adapted to be electrically connected to a first grid section 50 and a second side 2B including one or more second windings 22 enchained with the magnetic core 20 and adapted to be electrically connected to a second grid section 60.

[0036] In operation, the transformer 2 shows a first voltage V₁ and a first current I₁ at the first windings 21 and a second voltage V₂ and a second current I₂ at the second windings 22.

[0037] Preferably, the first side 2A and the first windings 21 respectively form the primary side and the primary windings of the electric transformer 2 while the second side 2B and the second windings 22 respectively form the secondary side and the secondary windings of the transformer 2.

[0038] The transformer 2 is preferably adapted to transfer electric power from the first grid section 50 operating at a higher nominal voltage (e.g. 100 kV) to the second grid section 60 operating at a lower nominal voltage (e.g. 30 kV).

[0039] Therefore, preferably, the transformer 2 receives a first voltage V₁ at the first windings 21, which is higher than a second voltage V₂ provided at the second windings 22. The first windings 21 will thus preferably have a higher number of turns than the second windings 22.

[0040] A second current I₂ circulates along the secondary windings 22 when the transformer 2 is in a load condition. When the transformer 2 operates in a no-load condition (no electric loads are present), such a second current I₂ is null.

[0041] For the sake of clarity, it is specified that:

• the transformer 2 is in a "load condition" when there is an equivalent electric load electrically with the second windings 22, i.e. the second grid section 60 is electrically connected with the second windings 22;
• the transformer 2 is in a "no-load condition" when there are no electric loads electrically connected with the second windings 22, i.e. the second grid section 60 is electrically disconnected from the second windings 22.

[0042] The grid sections 50, 60 may include a single electric phase (as shown in the cited figures for simplicity) or, more frequently, multiple electric phases (typically three electric phases).

[0043] The transformer 2 (and thus the voltages V₁, V₂ and the currents I₁, I₂) may thus be of single-phase type (as shown in the cited figures) or multiple-phase type (typically of three-phase type).

[0044] In principle, the transformer 2 may be of any type adapted for use in electric grids. As an example, the transformer 2 may be a power transformer, a distribution transformer or an isolation transformer, according to the needs.

[0045] The electric transformer 2 may be industrially manufactured according to solutions of known type. Therefore, hereinafter, it will be described only in relation to the aspects relevant to the invention, for the sake of brevity.

[0046] The transformer assembly 1 further comprises a tap changer 3 operatively associated with the electric transformer 2 at the first windings 21 and, optionally, at the second windings 22.

[0047] In general, the tap changer 3 is adapted to vary the number of turns enchained with the magnetic core 20 for the first windings 2 and, optionally, the second windings 22. In this way, it acts on the turn ratio of the transformer 2 in order to maintain (when first voltage V1 is varying at the first winding 21) a desired second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22 (CFVV - Constant Flux Voltage Variation) or it acts in order to vary the magnetic flux circulating along the magnetic core, so consequently varying the second voltage V2 at the second windings 22 (VFVV - Variable Flux Voltage Variation).

[0048] According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the tap changer 3 is arranged in such a way to vary the number of turns of the first windings 21, which are enchained with the magnetic core 20. In the following description, a particular reference will be made to this solution (see figures 1-2), for the sake of simplicity.

[0049] According to other embodiments of the invention, however, the tap changer 3 may be arranged in such a way to also vary the number of turns of the second windings 22, which are enchained with the magnetic core 20.

[0050] According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the tap-changer 3 is configured to operate as an on-load tap changer (OLTC). In this way, it is not necessary to electrically disconnect the transformer 2 from both first and second grid sections to operate the tap changer 3.

[0051] Preferably, the tap-changer 3 comprises a plurality of connection points (taps) with the first windings 21 (or the second windings 22) of the transformer 2. Each tap conveniently allows a certain number of additional turns to be selected for the first windings 21 (or the second windings 22).

[0052] In principle, the tap changer 3 may be of any type adapted for use in electric power grids.

[0053] As an example, the tap-changer 3 may be of mechanical type. In this case, it will comprise a tap selector mechanism capable of moving one or more movable contacts couplable with corresponding taps to electrically connect in a selective manner said taps with the transformer windings. The tap selector mechanism is conveniently moved by a kinematic chain that is in turn actuated by a actuation unit (e.g. a motorized unit). Said actuation unit is conveniently controllable through suitable control signals.

[0054] As a further example, the tap-changer 3 may be of electronic type. In this case, it will comprise suitable power electronics circuits including power electronic switches (such as transistor or thyristor) capable of electrically connecting in selective manner said taps with the transformer windings. Said power electronic circuits may be conveniently driven by suitable control signals.

[0055] As a further example, the tap-changer 3 may be of hybrid type. In this case, it will comprise both mechanical and electronic arrangements to electrically connect in a selective manner above-mentioned taps with the transformer windings.

[0056] In general, the tap changer 3 may be industrially manufactured according to solutions of known type. Therefore, hereinafter, it will be described only in relation to the aspects relevant to the invention, for the sake of brevity.

[0057] The transformer assembly 1 comprises a control unit 6 operatively coupled with the tap changer 3 to control the operation of this latter.

[0058] If the tap changer 3 is of mechanical type, the control unit 6 can control the operation of the tap changer 3 by sending suitable control signals CON to the actuation unit actuating the mechanic arrangements of the tap changer.

[0059] If the tap changer 3 is of electronic type, the control unit 6 can control the operation of the tap changer 3 by sending suitable control signals CON to power electronic circuits (in particular to the power switches) of the tap changer.

[0060] If the tap changer 3 is of hybrid type, the control unit 6 can control the operation of the tap changer 3 by sending suitable control signals CON to the actuation unit and to the power electronic circuits of the tap changer.

[0061] The control unit 6 is conveniently provided with data processing resources 6A, preferably of digital type, e.g. including one or more microprocessors capable of executing software instructions stored or storable in a storage medium (e.g. a memory of said control unit).

[0062] The control unit 6 can thus carry out its functionalities (for example the functionalities described in the following) by executing suitable sets of software instructions stored in a memory.

[0063] The control unit 6 is preferably arranged on board the tap changer 3. In this case, the transformer assembly 1 may include suitable power supply arrangements (not shown) to feed the control unit 6.

[0064] According to other embodiments of the invention, however, the control unit 6 may be arranged in a remote location with respect to the tap changer 3. For example, it may be part of a remote suitable control panel or control platform.

[0065] According to preferred embodiments of the invention, the transformer assembly 1 comprises current sensing means 4 adapted to provide first sensing signals S₁ indicative of the second current I₂ circulating along the second windings 22 of the transformer and voltage sensing means 5 adapted to provide second sensing signals S₂ indicative of the second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22 of the transformer.

[0066] Preferably, the current sensing means 4 comprise a current sensor (e.g. a current transformer or a resistive shunt circuit) for each electric phase of the second windings 22 of the transformer.

[0067] Preferably, the current sensing means 4 are operatively coupled with the control unit 6, so that this latter can receive and process the first sensing signals S₁.

[0068] Preferably, the voltage sensing means 5 comprise a voltage sensor (e.g. a capacitive sensor or a resistive shunt circuit) for each electric phase of the second windings 22 of the transformer.

[0069] Preferably, the voltage sensing means 5 are operatively coupled with the control unit 6, so that this latter can receive and process the second sensing signals S₂.

[0070] An important aspect of the invention resides in that the control unit 6 is capable of carrying out control functionalities of the tap changer 3, which allow remarkably reducing no-load power losses, when the transformer 2 is a no-load condition.

[0071] A further important aspect of the invention resides in that the control unit is capable of carrying out different control functionalities (or control logics) of the tap changer 3, depending on whether the transformer 2 in a load-condition or in a no-load condition.

[0072] As it will be better emerging from the following, this solution allows remarkably improving the performances of the transformer 2, both when this latter is in a load condition and in a no-load condition.

[0073] According to the invention, the control unit 6 is configured to acquire input data IN indicative of an electrical connectivity condition of the second grid section 60 with the second windings 22 of the transformer.

[0074] Input data IN are indicative of whether the second grid section 60 is electrically connected or not with the second windings 22 of the transformer.

[0075] According to possible embodiments of the invention, the control unit 6 is configured to acquire the input data IN by directly processing the first sensing signals S₁ provided by the current sensing means 4. To this aim, the data processing means 6A of the control unit 6 may conveniently carry out simple detection algorithms of known type.

[0076] According to preferred embodiments of the invention (figure 2), the transformer assembly 1 comprises signalling means 7 adapted to receive the first sensing signals S₁ provided by the current sensing means 4 and provide third sensing signals S₃ indicative of the level of the second current I₂ circulating along the second windings 22. Conveniently, the third sensing signals S₃ may be logic signals indicative of whether the second current I₂ circulating along the second windings 22 is null or not.

[0077] Preferably, the signalling means 7 comprise an electronic relay, such as a minimum current relay.

[0078] According to these embodiments of the invention, the control unit 6 is operatively coupled with the signalling means 7 to receive the third sensing signals S₃.

[0079] Conveniently, the control unit 6 is adapted to acquire the input data IN by suitably processing the third sensing signals S₃ (figure 3) and, possibly, the first sensing signals S₁ described above.

[0080] The control unit 6 thus determines whether the transformer 2 is in a load condition or in an unload condition by determining whether the second grid section 60 is electrically connected or disconnected with the second windings 22 of the transformer 2.

[0081] According to the invention, the control unit 6 determines whether the transformer 2 is in a load condition or in a no-load condition basing on the acquired input data IN.

[0082] In order to carry out the above-mentioned determination step, the control unit 6 suitably processes the acquired input data IN. To this aim, the data processing means 6A of the control unit 6 may conveniently carry out simple determination algorithms of known type.

[0083] If the transformer 2 is in a no-load condition (second grid section 60 electrically disconnected from the second windings 22), the control unit 6 commands the tap changer 3 to set the maximum available number of turns for the first windings 21

[0084] Thus, when the transformer 2 is in a no-load condition, the control unit 6 controls the tap changer 3 according to a first control logic, which is basically aimed at reducing power losses without considering the behavior of the second voltage V₂ provided by the transformer 2 at the second windings 22.

[0085] The above-mentioned first control logic is based on the observation that, in the transformer 2, the magnetic flux depends on the volt per turn ratio (V/N), according to the following relation:

where f is the grid frequency, Afe is a constant, B is the magnetic flux, V₁ is the first voltage at the first windings 21, V₂ is the second voltage at the second windings 22, N₁ is the number of turns of the first windings 21 and N₂ is the number of turns of the second windings 22 and V/N is the voltage ratio of the transformer.

[0086] It is evident from the above relation that setting the maximum available number of turns for the first windings 21 necessarily implies a reduction of magnetic flux B.

[0087] On the other hand, such a reduction of the magnetic flux B entails a remarkable reduction of the power losses, as these latter strongly depend on the magnetic flux.

[0088] Therefore, when the control unit 6 commands the tap changer 3 to set a maximum available number of turns for the first windings 21 with the transformer 2 in a no-load condition, a remarkable reduction of power losses is obtained.

[0089] According to preferred embodiments of the invention, if the transformer 2 is in a load condition (second grid section 60 electrically connected with the second windings 22), the control unit 6 controls the tap changer 6 in such a way to carry out a voltage regulation of the second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22.

[0090] Thus, when the transformer 2 is in a load condition, the control unit 6 controls the tap changer 3 according to a second control logic, which is completely different from the first control logic illustrated above.

[0091] Such a second control logic is basically aimed at regulating the second voltage V₂ provided by the transformer 2 at the second windings 22, so that an optimal power transfer between the first grid section 50 and the second grid section 60 is constantly ensured.

[0092] Preferably, the control unit 6 commands the tap changer 3 to set a number of turns for the first windings 21 (or for the second windings 22) with the transformer 2, which depends on the detected second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22, when the transformer 2 is in a load condition.

[0093] Preferably, the control unit 6 processes the second sensing signals S₂ received from the second sensing means 5 and, basing on the voltage detection data so obtained, commands the tap changer 3 to vary (if necessary) the number of turns enchained with the magnetic core 20 for said first windings 21 (or for the second wings 22).

[0094] Voltage regulation can be carried out in a known manner, for example in according to a method compliant to international regulations (e.g. IEC60076.1).

[0095] Conveniently, voltage regulation may involve a range of ±20% of the nominal value of the second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22 and it can be performed in a plurality of steps (e.g. from 9 to 35 steps) depending on the type of the changer 3.

[0096] Conveniently, voltage regulation may be carried out 10 to 20 times a day in normal applications, depending on fluctuations of the second voltage V₂, which may due to changes in the operating conditions of the grid sections 50 and 60.

[0097] The transformer assembly, according to the invention, may be subject to variants falling within the scope of the invention.

[0098] As mentioned above, the tap changer 3 may also be arranged in such a way to vary the number of turns of the second windings 22, which are enchained with the magnetic core 20. It is evidenced that, also in this case, the control unit 6 implements the same control logics illustrated above to control the operation of the tap changer 3, when the transformer 2 is in a no-load condition or in a load condition.

[0099] In the embodiments in which the control unit 6 is arranged on board or in proximity of the tap-changer 3, electronic circuitry capable of deriving an auxiliary power supply from the first windings 21 or the second windings 22 of the transformer 2 may be suitably arranged (e.g. according to solutions of known type).

[0100] In these embodiments of the invention, a reduction of the auxiliary power supply of the control unit 6 may occur when the tap changer 3 sets a maximum available number of turns for the first windings 21 as illustrated above.

[0101] It has been seen that such an inconvenient may be suitably overcome by arranging a suitable Station Service Voltage Transformer (SSVT) for providing an auxiliary power supply, e.g. to feed the control unit 6. Said SSVT (not shown) can be a capacitive voltage transformer (typically oil-filled insulated) or an inductive voltage transformer (typically gas insulated).

[0102] In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method 100 for controlling the tap changer 3 included in the transformer assembly 1 described above (figure 3).

[0103] The method 100 is suitable for being implemented in practice by the data processing means 6A of the control unit 6, which can conveniently carry out a suitable set of software instructions to this purpose.

[0104] The method 100, according to the invention, comprises a step 101 of acquiring input data IN indicative of a condition of electrical connection of the second grid section 60 with the second windings 22.

[0105] According to some embodiments of the invention (figure 1), the step 101 of acquiring the input data IN includes processing the first sensing signals S 1 provided by the current sensing means 4.

[0106] According to some embodiments of the invention (figure 2), the step 101 of acquiring the input data IN includes processing the third sensing signals S₃ provided by the signalling means 7.

[0107] The method 100, according to the invention, comprises a step 102 of determining whether the second grid section 60 is electrically connected with or disconnected from the second windings 22, basing on the acquired input data IN.

[0108] The method 100, according to the invention, comprises a step 103 of commanding the tap changer 3 to set a maximum number of turns for the first windings 2 if the second grid section 60 is electrically disconnected from the second windings 22.

[0109] Preferably, the method 100, according to the invention, comprises a step 104 of controlling the tap changer 3 in such a way to carry out a regulation of the second voltage V₂ provided at the second windings 22, if the second grid section 60 is electrically connected with the second windings 22.

[0110] Preferably, in the step 104 of the method 100, the tap changer 3 is commanded to set a number of turns for the first windings 21 (or for the second windings 22) with the transformer 2, which depends on the detected second voltage V₂ at the second windings 22.

[0111] The transformer assembly, according to the invention, provides relevant advantages with respect to corresponding systems of the state of the art.

[0112] The above-illustrated improved control functionalities of the tap changer 3 allow obtaining a strong reduction of power losses of the transformer 2, when this latter is in a no-load condition.

[0113] Experimental tests have shown that power losses can be reduced up to 48% (with respect to traditional solutions of the state of the art) when the transformer 2 operates in a no-load condition (with a magnetic flux excursion down to -20% of the nominal value), depending on the type of the transformer and type of network's fluctuation range.

[0114] Reduction of power losses can reach about 65% (with respect to traditional solutions of the state of the art) when the transformer 2 operates in a no-load condition (with a magnetic flux excursion down to -40% of the nominal value), again depending on the type of the transformer and type of network's fluctuation range.

[0115] Obviously, the above-mentioned features allow simplifying the management of the operating life of the transformer 2 with a remarkable reduction of overall industrial costs.

[0116] As an example, energy cost savings have been estimated in the order of several thousands EUR per year for a medium-size power transformer intended for use in a renewable energy production facility.

[0117] The solution provided by the invention further allows simplifying the design of the transformer 2 without having strong constraints for its behavior in no-load conditions. In this situation, in fact, power losses are reduced by properly controlling the tap changer 3 according to the first control logic illustrated above.

[0118] The magnetic core 20 of the transformer 2 can thus be designed in such a way to optimize the circulating magnetic flux in such a way that an optimal electric power transfer between different sides of the transformer 2 is obtained, when this latter is in a load condition.

[0119] The transformer assembly 1 has a simple and compact structure and it may be easily arranged, even for retrofitting purposes.

[0120] The transformer assembly 1 can be easily manufactured at industrial level with production costs quite competitive with respect to traditional devices of the same type.

Claims

1. A transformer assembly (1) for electric grids comprising:

- an electric transformer (2) comprising a magnetic core (20), a first side (2A) including one or more first windings (21) enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a first grid section (50) and a second side (2B) including one or more second windings (22) enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a second grid section (60), wherein the first side (2A) and the one or more first windings (21) forms the primary side and the primary windings of the electric transformer (2) and the second side (2B) and the second windings (22) form the secondary side and the secondary windings of the transformer (2), respectively;

- a tap changer (3) operatively associated with said electric transformer (2) to vary the number of turns enchained with said magnetic core (20) for said first windings (21);

- a control unit (6) operatively coupled with said tap changer (3) to control the operation of said tap changer;

characterised in that said control unit (6) is configured to:

- acquire input data (IN) indicative of an electrical connectivity condition of said second grid section (60) with said second windings (22);

- basing on said input data (IN), determine whether said transformer (2) is in a load condition or in a no-load condition;

- if said transformer (2) is in a no-load condition, command said tap changer to set a maximum available number of turns for said first windings (21).

2. Transformer assembly, according to claim 1, characterised in that said control unit (6) is configured to control said tap changer (3) in such a way to carry out a regulation of a second voltage (V₂) provided at said second windings (22), if said transformer (2) is in a load condition.

3. Transformer assembly, according to one or more of the previous claims, characterised in that it comprises:

- current sensing means (4) adapted to provide first sensing signals (S₁) indicative of a second current (I₂) circulating along said second windings (22);

- voltage sensing means (5) adapted to provide second sensing signals (S₂) indicative of a second voltage (V₂) provided at said second windings (22);

wherein said control unit (6) is operatively coupled with said voltage sensing means.

4. Transformer assembly, according to claim 3, characterised in that said control unit (6) is configured to acquire said input data (IN) by processing the first sensing signals (S₁) provided by said current sensing means (4).

5. Transformer assembly, according to claim 3 or 4, characterised in that it comprises signalling means (7) adapted to receive the first sensing signals (S₁) provided by said current sensing means (4) and provide third sensing signals (S₃) indicative of the level of the current (I₂) circulating along said second windings (22), said control unit (6) being configured to acquire said input data (IN) by processing said third sensing signals (S3).

6. Transformer assembly, according to claim 5, characterised in that said signalling means (7) include an electronic relay.

7. Transformer assembly, according to one or more of the previous claims, characterised in that it comprises a Station Service Voltage Transformer for providing an auxiliary power supply.

8. An electric power grid characterised in that it comprises a transformer assembly (1), according to one or more of the previous claims.

9. A method (100) for controlling a tap changer (3) included in a transformer assembly (1) for electric grids, said transformer assembly comprising:

- an electric transformer (2) comprising a magnetic core (20), a first side (2A) including one or more first windings (21) enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a first grid section (50) and a second side (2B) including one or more second windings (22) enchained with said magnetic core and adapted to be electrically connected to a second grid section (60), wherein the first side (2A) and the one or more first windings (21) forms the primary side and the primary windings of the electric transformer (2) and the second side (2B) and the second windings (22) form the secondary side and the secondary windings of the transformer (2), respectively;

- a tap changer (3) operatively associated with said electric transformer (2) to vary the number of turns enchained with said magnetic core (20) for said first windings (21);

characterised in that it comprises the following steps:

- acquiring (101) input data (IN) indicative of an electrical connectivity condition of said second grid section (60) with said second windings (22);

- basing on said input data (IN), determining whether said transformer (2) is in a load condition or in a no-load condition;

- if said transformer (2) is in a no-load condition, commanding (102) said tap changer to set a maximum available number of turns for said first windings (21).

10. Method, according to claim 9, characterised in that it comprises the following step:

- controlling said tap changer (3) in such a way to carry out a regulation of a second voltage (V₂) provided at said second windings (22), if said transformer (2) is in a load condition.

11. Method, according to one of the claims from 9 to 10, characterised in that said transformer assembly (1) comprises:

- current sensing means (4) adapted to provide first sensing signals (S1) indicative of a second current (I₂) circulating along said second windings (22);

- voltage sensing means (5) adapted to provide second sensing signals (S2) indicative of a second voltage (V₂) provided at said second windings (22).

12. Method, according to claim 11, characterised in that said step (101) of acquiring said input data (IN) includes processing the first sensing signals (S1) provided by said current sensing means (4).

13. Method, according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that said transformer assembly (1) comprises signalling means (7) adapted to receive the first sensing signals (S₁) provided by said current sensing means (4) and adapted to provide third sensing signals (S₃) indicative of the level of the current (I₂) circulating along said second windings (22), said step (101) of acquiring said input data (IN) includes processing the third sensing signals (S₃) provided by said signalling means (7).

14. Method, according to claim 13, characterised in that said signalling means (7) include an electronic relay.

15. Method, according to one or more of the claims from 9 to 14, characterised in that said transformer assembly comprises a Station Service Voltage Transformer for providing an auxiliary power supply.

Ansprüche

1. Transformatoranordnung (1) für Elektrizitätsnetze, umfassend:

- einen Elektrotransformator (2), der einen magnetischen Kern (20) aufweist, wobei eine erste Seite (2A) eine oder mehrere erste Wicklungen (21) beinhaltet, die mit dem magnetischen Kern fest verbunden und dafür eingerichtet sind, elektrisch an einen ersten Netzabschnitt (50) angeschlossen zu sein, und eine zweite Seite (2B) eine oder mehrere zweite Wicklungen (22) beinhaltet, die mit dem magnetischen Kern fest verbunden und dafür eingerichtet sind, elektrisch an einen zweiten Netzabschnitt (60) angeschlossen zu sein, wobei die erste Seite (2A) und die eine oder die mehreren ersten Wicklungen (21) die Primärseite beziehungsweise die Primärwicklungen des Elektrotransformators (2) bilden und die zweite Seite (2B) und die zweiten Wicklungen (22) die Sekundärseite beziehungsweise die Sekundärwicklungen des Transformators (2) bilden,

- einen Stufenschalter (3), der funktionsmäßig mit dem Elektrotransformator (2) assoziiert ist, um die Anzahl von Windungen, die fest mit dem magnetischen Kern (20) verbunden sind, für die ersten Wicklungen (21) zu variieren,

- eine Steuereinheit (6), die funktionsmäßig mit dem Stufenschalter (3) gekoppelt ist, um den Betrieb des Stufenschalters zu steuern,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (6) für Folgendes ausgebildet ist:

- Erfassen von Eingangsdaten (IN), die einen Zustand der elektrischen Verbindungsfähigkeit des zweiten Netzabschnitts (60) mit den zweiten Wicklungen (22) angeben,

- basierend auf den Eingangsdaten (IN) Bestimmen, ob der Transformator (2) in einem Lastzustand oder in einem lastfreien Zustand ist,

- wenn der Transformator (2) in einem lastfreien Zustand ist, Anweisen des Stufenschalters, eine maximal verfügbare Anzahl von Windungen für die ersten Wicklungen (21) einzustellen.

2. Transformatoranordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (6) dafür ausgebildet ist, den Stufenschalter (3) derart zu steuern, dass eine Regulierung einer zweiten Spannung (V₂) ausgeführt wird, die an den zweiten Wicklungen (22) bereitgestellt wird, wenn der Transformator (2) in einem Lastzustand ist.

3. Transformatoranordnung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er Folgendes aufweist:

- Stromsensormittel (4), die dafür eingerichtet sind, erste Sensorsignale (S₁) bereitzustellen, die einen zweiten Strom (I₂) angeben, der in den zweiten Wicklungen (22) fließt,

- Spannungssensormittel (5), die dafür eingerichtet sind, zweite Sensorsignale (S₂) bereitzustellen, die eine zweite Spannung (V₂) angeben, die an den zweiten Windungen (22) bereitgestellt wird,

wobei die Steuereinheit (6) funktionsmäßig mit den Spannungssensormitteln gekoppelt ist.

4. Transformatoranordnung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuereinheit (6) dafür ausgebildet ist, die Eingangsdaten (IN) durch Verarbeiten der ersten Sensorsignale (S₁) zu erfassen, die von den Stromsensormitteln (4) bereitgestellt werden.

5. Transformatoranordnung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie Signalisierungsmittel (7) aufweist, die dafür eingerichtet sind, die ersten Sensorsignale (S₁) zu empfangen, die von den Stromsensormitteln (4) bereitgestellt werden, und dritte Sensorsignale (S₃) bereitzustellen, die die Höhe des Stroms (12) angeben, der in den zweiten Wicklungen (22) fließt, wobei die Steuereinheit (6) dafür ausgebildet ist, die Eingangsdaten (IN) durch Verarbeiten der dritten Sensorsignale (S₃) zu erfassen.

6. Transformatoranordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalisierungsmittel (7) ein elektrisches Relais beinhalten.

7. Transformatoranordnung nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Eigenbedarfs-Spannungswandler (Station Service Voltage Transformer, SSVT) zum Bereitstellen einer Hilfsenergieversorgung aufweist.

8. Elektroenergienetz, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine Transformatoranordnung (1) nach einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche aufweist.

9. Verfahren (100) zum Steuern eines Stufenschalters (3), der in einer Transformatoranordnung (1) für Elektrizitätsnetze enthalten ist, wobei die Transformatoranordnung Folgendes aufweist:

- einen Elektrotransformator (2), der einen magnetischen Kern (20) aufweist, wobei eine erste Seite (2A) eine oder mehrere erste Wicklungen (21) beinhaltet, die mit dem magnetischen Kern fest verbunden und dafür eingerichtet sind, elektrisch an einen ersten Netzabschnitt (50) angeschlossen zu sein, und eine zweite Seite (2B) eine oder mehrere zweite Wicklungen (22) beinhaltet, die mit dem magnetischen Kern fest verbunden und dafür eingerichtet sind, elektrisch an einen zweiten Netzabschnitt (60) angeschlossen zu sein, wobei die erste Seite (2A) und die eine oder die mehreren ersten Wicklungen (21) die Primärseite beziehungsweise die Primärwicklungen des Elektrotransformators (2) bilden und die zweite Seite (2B) und die zweiten Wicklungen (22) die Sekundärseite beziehungsweise die Sekundärwicklungen des Transformators (2) bilden,

- einen Stufenschalter (3), der funktionsmäßig mit dem Elektrotransformator (2) assoziiert ist, um die Anzahl von Windungen, die fest mit dem magnetischen Kern (20) verbunden sind, für die ersten Wicklungen (21) zu variieren,

dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte aufweist:

- Erfassen (101) von Eingangsdaten (IN), die einen Zustand der elektrischen Verbindungsfähigkeit des zweiten Netzabschnitts (60) mit den zweiten Wicklungen (22) angeben,

- basierend auf den Eingangsdaten (IN) Bestimmen, ob der Transformator (2) in einem Lastzustand oder in einem lastfreien Zustand ist,

- wenn der Transformator (2) in einem lastfreien Zustand ist, Anweisen (102) des Stufenschalters, eine maximal verfügbare Anzahl von Windungen für die ersten Wicklungen (21) einzustellen.

10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es den folgenden Schritt aufweist:

- Steuern des Stufenschalters (3) derart, dass eine Regulierung einer zweiten Spannung (V₂) ausgeführt wird, die an den zweiten Wicklungen (22) bereitgestellt wird, wenn der Transformator (2) in einem Lastzustand ist.

11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Transformatoranordnung (1) Folgendes aufweist:

- Stromsensormittel (4), die dafür eingerichtet sind, erste Sensorsignale (S₁) bereitzustellen, die einen zweiten Strom (I₂) angeben, der in den zweiten Wicklungen (22) fließt,

- Spannungssensormittel (5), die dafür eingerichtet sind, zweite Sensorsignale (S₂) bereitzustellen, die eine zweite Spannung (V₂) angeben, die an den zweiten Windungen (22) bereitgestellt wird.

12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt (101) des Erfassens der Eingangsdaten (IN) das Verarbeiten der ersten Sensorsignale (S₁), die von den Stromsensormitteln (4) bereitgestellt werden, beinhaltet.

13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Transformatoranordnung (1) Signalisierungsmittel (7) aufweist, die dafür eingerichtet sind, die ersten Sensorsignale (S₁) zu empfangen, die von den Stromsensormitteln (4) bereitgestellt werden, und dritte Sensorsignale (S₃) bereitzustellen, die die Höhe des Stroms (I₂) angeben, der in den zweiten Wicklungen (22) fließt, wobei der Schritt (101) des Erfassens der Eingangsdaten (IN) das Verarbeiten der dritten Sensorsignale (S₃), die von den Signalisierungsmitteln (7) bereitgestellt werden, aufweist.

14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Signalisierungsmittel (7) ein elektrisches Relais beinhalten.

15. Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 9 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Transformatoranordnung einen Eigenbedarfs-Spannungswandler (Station Service Voltage Transformer, SSVT) zum Bereitstellen einer Hilfsenergieversorgung aufweist.

Revendications

1. Ensemble transformateur (1) pour réseaux électriques comprenant :

- un transformateur électrique (2) comprenant un noyau magnétique (20), un premier côté (2A) incluant un ou plusieurs premiers enroulements (21) enchaînés avec ledit noyau magnétique et adaptés pour être électriquement connectés à une première section de réseau (50) et un second côté (2B) incluant un ou plusieurs seconds enroulements (22) enchaînés avec ledit noyau magnétique et adaptés pour être électriquement connectés à une seconde section de réseau (60), dans lequel le premier côté (2A) et les un ou plusieurs premiers enroulements (21) forment le côté primaire et les enroulements primaires du transformateur électrique (2) et le second côté (2B) et les seconds enroulements (22) forment le côté secondaire et les enroulements secondaires du transformateur (2), respectivement ;

- un changeur de prises (3) associé de manière fonctionnelle avec ledit transformateur électrique (2) pour faire varier le nombre de spires enchaînées avec ledit noyau magnétique (20) pour lesdits premiers enroulements (21) ;

- une unité de commande (6) couplée de manière fonctionnelle avec ledit changeur de prises (3) pour commander le fonctionnement dudit changeur de prises ;

caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de commande (6) est configurée pour :

- acquérir des données d'entrée (IN) indiquant un état de connectivité électrique de ladite seconde section de réseau (60) avec lesdits seconds enroulements (22) ;

- sur la base desdites données d'entrée (IN), déterminer si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de charge ou dans un état de non-charge ;

- si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de non-charge, amener ledit changeur de prises à définir un nombre maximal de spires disponibles pour lesdits premiers enroulements (21).

2. Ensemble transformateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de commande (6) est configurée pour commander ledit changeur de prises (3) de manière à effectuer une régulation d'une seconde tension (V₂) fournie au niveau desdits seconds enroulements (22), si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de charge.

3. Ensemble transformateur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :

- un moyen de détection de courant (4) adapté pour fournir des premiers signaux de détection (S₁) indiquant un second courant (I₂) circulant le long desdits seconds enroulements (22) ;

- un moyen de détection de tension (5) adapté pour fournir des seconds signaux de détection (S₂) indiquant une seconde tension(V₂) fournie au niveau desdits seconds enroulements (22) ;

dans lequel ladite unité de commande (6) est couplée de manière fonctionnelle avec ledit moyen de détection de tension.

4. Ensemble transformateur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite unité de commande (6) est configurée pour acquérir lesdites données d'entrée (IN) en traitant les premiers signaux de détection (S₁) fournis par ledit moyen de détection de courant (4).

5. Ensemble transformateur selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un moyen de signalisation (7) adapté pour recevoir les premiers signaux de détection (S₁) fournis par ledit moyen de détection de courant (4) et fournir des troisièmes signaux de détection (S₃) indiquant le niveau du courant (I₂) circulant le long desdits seconds enroulements (22), ladite unité de commande (6) étant configurée pour acquérir lesdites données d'entrée (IN) en traitant lesdits troisièmes signaux de détection (S₃).

6. Ensemble transformateur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de signalisation (7) inclut un relais électronique.

7. Ensemble transformateur selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un transformateur de tension de service auxiliaire pour fournir une alimentation électrique auxiliaire.

8. Réseau électrique caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ensemble transformateur (1) selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes.

9. Procédé (100) pour commander un changeur de prises (3) inclus dans un ensemble transformateur (1) pour réseaux électriques, ledit ensemble transformateur comprenant :

- un transformateur électrique (2) comprenant un noyau magnétique (20), un premier côté (2A) incluant un ou plusieurs premiers enroulements (21) enchaînés avec ledit noyau magnétique et adaptés pour être électriquement connectés à une première section de réseau (50) et un second côté (2B) incluant un ou plusieurs seconds enroulements (22) enchaînés avec ledit noyau magnétique et adaptés pour être électriquement connectés à une seconde section de réseau (60), dans lequel le premier côté (2A) et les un ou plusieurs premiers enroulements (21) forment le côté primaire et les enroulements primaires du transformateur électrique (2) et le second côté (2B) et les seconds enroulements (22) forment le côté secondaire et les enroulements secondaires du transformateur (2), respectivement ;

- un changeur de prises (3) associé de manière fonctionnelle avec ledit transformateur électrique (2) pour faire varier le nombre de spires enchaînées avec ledit noyau magnétique (20) pour lesdits premiers enroulements (21) ;

caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :

- l'acquisition (101) de données d'entrée (IN) indiquant un état de connectivité électrique de ladite seconde section de réseau (60) avec lesdits seconds enroulements (22) ;

- sur la base desdites données d'entrée (IN), le fait de déterminer si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de charge ou dans un état de non-charge ;

- si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de non-charge, le fait d'amener (102) ledit changeur de prises à définir un nombre maximal de spires disponibles pour lesdits premiers enroulements (21).

10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend l'étape suivante :

- la commande dudit changeur de prises (3) de manière à effectuer une régulation d'une seconde tension (V₂) fournie au niveau desdits seconds enroulements (22), si ledit transformateur (2) est dans un état de charge.

11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 9 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble transformateur (1) comprend :

- un moyen de détection de courant (4) adapté pour fournir des premiers signaux de détection (S₁) indiquant un second courant (I₂) circulant le long desdits seconds enroulements (22) ;

- un moyen de détection de tension (5) adapté pour fournir des seconds signaux de détection (S₂) indiquant une seconde tension(V₂) fournie au niveau desdits seconds enroulements (22).

12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ladite étape (101) d'acquisition desdites données d'entrée (IN) inclut le traitement des premiers signaux de détection (S₁) fournis par ledit moyen de détection de courant (4).

13. Procédé selon la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble transformateur (1) comprend un moyen de signalisation (7) adapté pour recevoir les premiers signaux de détection (S₁) fournis par ledit moyen de détection de courant (4) et adapté pour fournir des troisièmes signaux de détection (S₃) indiquant le niveau du courant (I₂) circulant le long desdits seconds enroulements (22), ladite étape (101) d'acquisition desdites données d'entrée (IN) incluant le traitement des troisièmes signaux de détection (S₃) fournis par ledit moyen de signalisation (7).

14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de signalisation (7) inclut un relais électronique.

15. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisé en ce que ledit ensemble transformateur comprend un transformateur de tension de service auxiliaire pour fournir une alimentation électrique auxiliaire.

Drawing