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(11) | EP 3 795 749 B1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION |
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| (54) |
SCAFFOLD AND METHOD FOR SUPPORTING A BRIDGE CASTING MOULD GERÜST UND VERFAHREN ZUM STÜTZEN EINER BRÜCKENGIESSFORM ÉCHAFAUDAGE ET PROCÉDÉ DE SUPPORT DE MOULE DE COULÉE D'UN PONT |
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| Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). |
Background of the invention
[0001] The invention relates to a scaffold for supporting a casting mould for a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete bridge. This type of a scaffold is also referred to as bridge falsework. The scaffold is assembled for the time of bridge construction and dismantled after the bridge has been cast.
[0002] Further, the invention relates to a method for supporting a casting mould for a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete bridge.
[0003] The object of the invention is described in more detail in the preambles of independent claims of the application.
[0004] A bridge scaffold or falsework is a structure built for a temporary duration to support the structure of a bridge under construction. In other words, the bridge under construction is supported for the time of the construction work. Typically, the scaffold comprises scaffold foundations, a large number of vertical posts, diagonal and horizontal supports to prevent the vertical posts from buckling and tilting, and also top beams supported on the upper ends of the vertical posts, on which top beams the bridge casting mould is then built to be supported. The disadvantage of the currently used falsework is the requirement for a large amount of materials and construction work at the installation site. Documents DE1257818B and DE1101477B disclose some scaffold constructions.
Brief description of the invention
[0005] The idea of the invention is to provide a new and improved support scaffold for a bridge and a method for supporting a casting mould.
[0006] The features characterizing the scaffold according to the invention are presented in the characterizing part of the independent device claim.
[0007] The features characterizing the method according to the invention are presented in the characterizing part of the independent method claim.
[0008] The idea of the proposed configuration is that the scaffold is intended to support a casting mould for a cast-in-situ reinforced concrete bridge and it has been manufactured at least mainly from wood material and comprises vertical and horizontal supports. Further, the scaffold comprises several vertical support structures spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the bridge. Between these vertical support structures there are side by side several separate truss structures arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bridge. Said truss structures are wooden. Further, each truss structure is supported to the vertical structures only at support points located at the longitudinal ends of the truss structure, such that no separate vertical supports supported to the ground are arranged in the portions between the support points. In other words, the trusses are only supported by their ends.
[0009] The advantage of the proposed configuration is that building of the bridge scaffold may become quicker by using prefabricated truss structures. The truss structures may be manufactured under good factory conditions, whereby their quality will be good and their load bearing capacity guaranteed. Due to the truss construction, the bridge scaffold may comprise less timber than before, which lowers the cost of the scaffold. In addition, the scaffold as proposed is subject to a lower wind load because of the smaller surface area of the support structures.
[0010] The idea of one embodiment is that the upper beam of each of the truss structures is configured to constitute a support surface for the casting mould, such that no separate horizontal support beams are arranged in the scaffold.
[0011] According to the invention, said truss structure has a triangular structure comprising a horizontal upper beam and two diagonal downwardly oriented side beams providing the triangular shape. The triangular truss structure bears force particularly well, thus providing a structure which is strong in relation to its weight and also simple.
[0012] The idea of one embodiment is that at the support point between the truss structure and the vertical structure there is a pressure plate to distribute the vertical load over a larger surface area. The pressure plate may be, for example, a piece of plywood plate. Alternatively, the vertical load between the structures, i.e. the so-called stamp pressure, may be distributed over a larger surface area by means of nail plates.
[0013] According to the invention, the triangular truss structure is a roof truss turned upside down.
[0014] The idea of one embodiment is that truss structures of various sizes are manufactured for stock at the factory and are applied to bridge construction site scaffolds case-specifically. Already a few different trusses are sufficient to cover a majority of different types of scaffolds.
[0015] The idea of one embodiment is that the truss structure is made from normal strength graded sawn timber.
[0016] The idea of one embodiment is a method of building a support scaffold for the time of bridge construction using several truss structures supported between vertical structures.
[0017] The idea of one embodiment is that the proposed configuration is suited, in addition to the proposed application to new constructions, also to bridge renovation projects where a support scaffold for the structure is also necessary to be built adjacent to or in connection with an existing bridge.
[0018] The embodiments and their features as presented above may be combined to provide desired configurations.
Brief description of the figures
[0019] Some embodiments of the proposed configuration are presented in more detail in the following figures, in which
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates one prior art bridge scaffold as a side view,
Fig. 2 schematically illustrates one bridge scaffold according to the new configuration as a side view,
Fig. 3 schematically illustrates a detail of one scaffold comprising triangular truss structures between two casting towers,
Fig. 4 illustrates a schematical and cross-sectional detail of one scaffold not forming part of the present invention comprising substantially rectangular truss structures between two pillars or corresponding vertical structures, and
Fig. 5 is a simple diagram disclosing the features of the proposed configuration.
[0020] For clarity purposes, some embodiments of the proposed configurations are illustrated in the figures in a simplified form. The same elements and features are denoted by the same reference numerals in the figures.
Detailed description of some embodiments
[0021] Fig. 1 illustrates a prior art scaffold 1 comprising a large number of vertical posts 2, horizontal posts 3 and diagonal supports 4. The building of this type of a structure is laborious and slow.
[0022] Fig. 2 illustrates the new scaffold 1, wherein truss structures 6 are arranged between vertical support structures 5 to support an upper casting mould 7. The vertical support structures 5 may be casting towers 8 which are temporary structures. Under the vertical support structures 5 there are foundations 9, which may comprise compacted rock material and sills.
[0023] As seen from Fig. 3, the casting towers 8 may comprise vertical wood planks 10, horizontal wood planks 11, and diagonal supports 12. The truss structures 6 supported between the casting towers 8 comprise an upper beam 13 and diagonal downwardly oriented side beams 14. Between the beams 13 and 14 there are several diagonal and vertical intermediate beams to support the structure. The upper surface of the upper beam 13 functions as a support surface for the casting mould 7, and at the ends of the upper beam 13 there are support surfaces at which the truss structure 6 is supported on support surfaces of the casting towers 8. Between these support surfaces there may be members distributing the surface pressure over a larger surface area.
[0024] Fig. 4 illustrates a rectangular truss structure 6 supported between vertical support posts 15 which is not part of the present invention. The support posts 15 may be piles which may have been driven into ground 16, and they function as the vertical support structure 5. The truss structure 6 may comprise upper beams 13a, 13b and diagonal supports 17 between the beams. Between the upper ends of the support posts 15 and the truss structure 6 there are support points 18 which may be provided with pressure plates.
the scaffold (1) having been manufactured at least mainly from wood material and comprising vertical and horizontal supports;
and wherein
the scaffold (1) comprises several vertical support structures (5) spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the bridge;
between the vertical support structures (5) there are side by side several separate truss structures (6) arranged along the longitudinal direction of the bridge;
the truss structures (6) are wooden; and
each truss structure (6) is supported to the vertical support structures (5) only at support points (18) located at the longitudinal ends of the truss structure, such that no separate vertical supports supported to ground (16) are arranged in the portions between the support points (18) ;
characterized in that
each truss structure (6) has a triangular structure comprising a horizontal upper beam (13) and two diagonal downwardly oriented side beams (14) providing the triangular shape to form of a roof truss turned upside down.
that an upper beam (13) of each of the truss structures (6) is configured to constitute a support surface for the casting mould (7), such that no separate horizontal support beams are arranged in the scaffold (1).
that at the support point (18) between the truss structure (6) and the vertical support structure (5) there is a pressure plate configured to distribute the vertical load applied to the scaffold (1) over a larger surface area between the truss structure (6) and the vertical support structure (5).
the method comprising supporting the casting mould (7) to ground (16) by means of a scaffold (1);
that the scaffold (1) is provided with several vertical support structures (5) spaced from each other in the longitudinal direction of the bridge;
the scaffold (1) is provided with several wooden truss structures (6);
several separate truss structures (6) are arranged between the vertical support structures (5) side by side;
the longitudinal ends of each of the truss structures (6) are supported to the vertical support structures (5); and
the portions between the vertical support structures (5) in the scaffold (1) are configured without separate vertical supports supported to the ground (16);
characterized by
using the scaffold (1) as claimed in any one of the previous claims 1 - 3.
the vertical support structures (5) are also manufactured from wood material, such that the entire scaffold (1) is manufactured at least mainly from wood.
the scaffold (1) is provided with a free passageway under the truss structure (6).
wobei das Gerüst (1) zumindest hauptsächlich aus Holzmaterial hergestellt wurde und vertikale und horizontale Stützen umfasst;
und wobei
das Gerüst (1) mehrere vertikale Stützstrukturen (5) umfasst, die in der Längsrichtung der Brücke voneinander beabstandet sind;
sich zwischen den vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) nebeneinander mehrere separate Fachwerkstrukturen (6) befinden, die entlang der Längsrichtung der Brücke angeordnet sind;
die Fachwerkstrukturen (6) aus Holz sind; und
jede Fachwerkstruktur (6) von den vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) nur an Stützpunkten (18) gestützt ist, die an den Längsenden der Fachwerkstruktur lokalisiert sind, so dass keine separaten vertikalen Stützen, die auf dem Boden (16) gestützt sind, in den Bereichen zwischen den Stützpunkten (18) angeordnet sind;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
jede Fachwerkstruktur (6) eine dreieckige Struktur aufweist, die einen horizontalen oberen Träger (13) und zwei diagonal nach unten gerichtete Seitenträger (14) umfasst, die die dreieckige Form eines auf den Kopf gestellten Dachfachwerks bereitstellen.
dass ein oberer Träger (13) jeder der Fachwerkstrukturen (6) dazu konfiguriert ist, eine Stützenoberfläche für die Gießform (7) zu bilden, so dass keine separaten horizontalen Stützträger in dem Gerüst (1) angeordnet sind.
dass an dem Stützpunkt (18) zwischen der Fachwerkstruktur (6) und der vertikalen Stützstruktur (5) eine Druckplatte vorhanden ist, die dazu konfiguriert ist, die auf das Gerüst (1) einwirkende vertikale Last auf ein größeres Oberflächengebiet zwischen der Fachwerkstruktur (6) und der vertikalen Stützstruktur (5) zu verteilen.
wobei das Verfahren das Stützen der Gießform (7) auf dem Boden (16) mittels eines Gerüsts (1) umfasst;
wobei das Gerüst (1) mit mehreren vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) bereitgestellt wird, die in der Längsrichtung der Brücke voneinander beabstandet sind;
wobei das Gerüst (1) mit mehreren hölzernen Fachwerkstrukturen (6) bereitgestellt wird;
wobei mehrere separate Fachwerkstrukturen (6) zwischen den vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) nebeneinander angeordnet werden;
wobei die Längsenden jeder der Fachwerkstrukturen (6) von den vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) gestützt werden; und
wobei die Bereiche zwischen den vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) in dem Gerüst (1) ohne separate vertikale Stützen, die auf dem Boden (16) gestützt sind, konfiguriert sind;
gekennzeichnet durch
Verwenden des Gerüsts (1) gemäß einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche 1 - 3.
die vertikalen Stützstrukturen (5) ebenfalls aus Holzmaterial hergestellt sind, so dass das gesamte Gerüst (1) zumindest hauptsächlich aus Holz hergestellt ist.
das Gerüst (1) mit einem freien Durchgang unter der Fachwerkstruktur (6) bereitgestellt wird.
l'échafaudage (1) ayant été fabriqué au moins principalement en bois et comprenant
des supports verticaux et horizontaux ;
et
l'échafaudage (1) comprenant plusieurs structures de support verticales (5) espacées les unes des autres dans la direction longitudinale du pont ;
entre les structures de support verticales (5) se trouvant côte à côte plusieurs structures en treillis séparées (6) agencées le long de la direction longitudinale du pont ;
les structures en treillis (6) sont en bois ; et
chaque structure en treillis (6) étant supportée sur les structures de support verticales (5) uniquement à des points de support (18) situés aux extrémités longitudinales de la structure en treillis, de sorte qu'aucun support vertical séparé supporté sur le sol (16) ne soit agencé dans les parties entre les points de support (18) ;
caractérisé en ce que
chaque structure en treillis (6) présente une structure triangulaire comprenant une poutre supérieure horizontale (13) et deux poutres latérales diagonales orientées vers le bas (14) fournissant la forme triangulaire pour former une ferme de toit retournée.
une poutre supérieure (13) de chacune des structures en treillis (6) est configurée pour constituer une surface de support pour le moule de coulée (7), de sorte qu'aucune poutre de support horizontale séparée ne soit agencée dans l'échafaudage (1).
au point de support (18) entre la structure en treillis (6) et la structure de support verticale (5) se trouve une plaque de pression configurée pour répartir la charge verticale appliquée sur l'échafaudage (1) sur une surface plus importante entre la structure en treillis (6) et la structure de support verticale (5).
le procédé comprenant le support du moule de coulée (7) au sol (16) au moyen d'un échafaudage (1) ;
en ce que l'échafaudage (1) est pourvu de plusieurs structures de support verticales (5) espacées les unes des autres dans la direction longitudinale du pont ;
l'échafaudage (1) est pourvu de plusieurs structures en treillis en bois (6) ;
plusieurs structures en treillis (6) séparées sont agencées entre les structures de support verticales (5) côte à côte ;
les extrémités longitudinales de chacune des structures en treillis (6) sont supportées par les structures de support verticales (5) ; et
les parties entre les structures de support verticales (5) dans l'échafaudage (1) sont configurées sans supports verticaux séparés supportés au sol (16) ;
caractérisé par :
l'utilisation de l'échafaudage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes
1 à 3.
les structures de support verticales (5) sont également fabriquées à partir de matériau de bois, de telle sorte que l'ensemble de l'échafaudage (1) soit fabriqué au moins principalement à partir de bois.
l'échafaudage (1) est pourvu d'un passage libre sous la structure en treillis (6).
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description