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(11) | EP 4 290 161 A1 |
| (12) | EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION |
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| (54) | METHOD FOR SHAPING OF SET OF CAPILLARIES OF COLLECTOR OF HEAT EXCHANGER, COLLECTOR OF HEAT EXCHANGER OF HEAT ENGINES WITH SET OF CAPILLARIES, SET OF CAPILLARIES OF COLLECTOR OF HEAT EXCHANGER |
| (57) A method for shaping a set of capillaries of collector (20) of heat exchanger (10)
of heat machine (5) with the set (40) of capillaries distributing a cooling medium
to sections of heat exchanger (10), according to which each capillary (41, 42, 43,
44, 45) is connected at one end to its associated distribution manifold (31, 32, 33),
and at another end to its associated inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the
section of the heat exchanger (10). The capillary (45) is shaped of a straight section (71) and upper inflow bends (72) and lower inflow bends (73) whereas a capillary (44) situated near the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33) is given a shape of a helix that has at least one whole coil (75), the upper inflow bend (72) and the lower inflow bend (73) and to the capillary (44) adjacent the capillary (45) with the straight section (71) is added one more coil (75) and whereas to each next capillary (43, 42), going towards the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33), is added one coil more than has previous capillary, whereby a size of the capillary with coils determined by a diameter (d) of the capillary tube, a number of coils, an outer diameter (D) of coils and a spiral lead (H) of the capillary helix are selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of capillary tubes does of capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) one of set (40) not differ each other by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) in respect to the distribution (31, 32, 33). |
[0001] The object of the invention is a collector of heat exchanger of heat machines, such as heat pumps, air dryers, condensing units, and similar machines, in particular those that are characterized by variable work efficiency. Furthermore, the object of the invention is a set of capillaries of heat exchanger through which a cooling medium is distributed from the collector to the heat exchanger sections of the heat machines. The object of the invention is also a method for shaping a set of capillaries of collector of heat exchanger.
[0002] In the current state of the art, a refrigerant fed by compressor enters a collector of heat exchanger of heat machine, from which it enters a respective heat exchanger section by means of capillaries. To ensure uniform operation of heat machine, the capillaries for each section must be the same length, what causes that manufacturers of heat machines and manufacturers of heat exchangers use the capillaries that are shaped in the simplest loop geometry and a distribution of a cooling medium runs with a significant change in height. This solution works well in devices with constant efficiency. In machines operating in variable efficiency of the cooling medium, the commonly used solution creates the problem of oil build-up, which is a by-product of an operation of compressor of heat machine. During the operation of the machine in the range of low cooling medium flow inside the capillaries, oil deposited in the lower sections prevents free flow and even distribution of the cooling medium to the individual sections of the heat exchanger. This phenomenon occurs because of routing of the capillaries used to date has a siphon-like shape where undesirable oil accumulates at the lowest points of the capillaries. During low-load operation of the heat machine, the flow inside the capillaries is slow, making it easier for oil droplets to accumulate in the lowermost areas of the capillaries. This oil deposits more quickly on some capillaries and more slowly on others, which in turn contributes to stifling of the flow and uneven utilization of the effective volume of the heat exchanger. The pressure needed to push the accumulated oil must therefore have a considerable value, and a circumstance that worsens the efficiency of the exchanger is the fact that the exchanger inlets, located at different heights, lead to differences in hydrostatic pressure on each one of the capillaries, as a result of which the efficiency of the exchanger sections is uneven. This process is unfavourable and undesirable from the point of view of the performance of the heat machine.
[0003] Publication US4770240A discloses a solution involving a heat exchanger collector with a square cross-section that has circular sections for connection to individual heat exchanger sections. However, the disclosed invention does not include a solution in which the flow resistance is measured so that each section of the heat exchanger operates at high efficiency.
[0004] Publication US20100059216A1 discloses an invention of a modular heat exchanger having a set of capillaries of different lengths supplying a cooling medium to the heat exchanger collector. The invention is designed for operation under significant, constant load and/or with temperature changes. A set of capillaries comprises tubes of equal diameter arranged in rectilinear, siphon shaped sections. Such a design of capillaries can lead to oil build-up at the lowest points of the system.
[0005] The purpose of the invention is to develop a geometry for the capillaries that prevents or reduces the formation of oil build-up and makes it possible to improve the performance of the thermal equipment. The invention should be particularly applicable when the heat exchanger has a considerable height, a large number of sections and a small number of manifolds since such a device usually has long capillary tubes hanging down, which become a siphon with a high difference in inlet and outlet heights.
[0006] The idea of the invention is a method for shaping a set of capillaries of collector of heat exchanger of heat machine with the set of capillaries distributing a cooling medium to heat exchanger sections, the set comprising a distribution line connected to a cooling medium inflow and having flow distribution lines, a set of n-distribution manifolds connected to the distribution lines, each having a set of m-capillaries formed of a capillary tube, each of which is connected at one end to its associated distribution manifold, and at another end to its associated inflow connector of the section of the heat exchanger outflow connector of which is connected to a return line of the cooling medium of the section of the heat exchanger, the method for shaping the set of capillaries comprising steps: locating a position of each inflow connector of the capillaries of the set in relation to the divider of the set of n-distribution manifolds to which the capillaries are attached, determining a distance from each inflow connector of the capillary of the set of capillaries to the distribution manifold, to which the capillaries are connected, cutting segments or sections from the capillary tube or capillary tubes in a number equal to a number of capillaries, whereas a length of a cut capillary section is not less than the distance from the inflow connector of the capillary associated to the cut section of the capillary tube of the capillary set to the distribution manifold increased by a length of coils and inflow bends of the capillary tube of capillaries, shaping the capillaries, each comprising a middle segment or section, an upper inflow bend and a lower inflow bend, from the associated cut capillary section, connecting capillaries shaped from segments or sections cut from the capillary tube at one end to the distribution manifold of the selected section of the heat exchanger, and at another end of each to the inflow connector associated to the capillaries of the capillary set, characterised in that when shaping the middle sections of the capillaries of the capillary set a flow resistance of the cooling medium of the shaped capillary of the capillaries set comprising the middle segments or section, the upper inflow bend and the lower inflow bend is determined and the cross-section area of the capillary tube is selected experimentally and/or the shape of the middle sections of the capillaries of the set of m-capillaries connected to the same distribution manifold is given by forming curvilinear fragments from the middle section in such a way that a flow resistance of the cooling medium flowing through the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the capillaries set does not differ from each other by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connectors of the capillaries of the set in respect to the distribution manifold to which the capillaries of the set are connected.
[0007] According to the idea of the invention, it is advisable that the capillary comprising middle section, an upper inflow bend and a lower inflow bend is shaped in such a way that the middle section of the capillary that has the inflow connector situated farthest from the distribution manifold is given a shape having a fewest number of curved or curvilinear fragments manifesting in a shape of a straight line whereas a middle section of capillary that has the inflow connector situated near the distribution manifold with respect to the inflow connector situated farthest from the distribution manifold is given a shape having a greater number of curvilinear fragments forming a helix that has a portion of a coil and/or at least one coil, the upper inflow bend and the lower inflow bend and whereas the middle section of each subsequent capillary, inflow connector of which is located even closer to the distribution manifold, going towards the distribution manifold, than the inflow connector of the capillary adjacent to the capillary, which the inflow connector is located farthest away, a piece of coil and/or at least one more coil is added with respect to a previous capillary, whereas a size of the capillary with coils determined by a diameter of the capillary tube, a number of coils, an outer diameter of coils and a spiral lead of the capillary helix are selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries located closer to the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary with the smallest number of curvilinear fragments connected to an inflow connector of the heat exchanger section situated farthest from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries.
[0008] An alternative method of determining the shapes of capillaries is the approach according to which a middle section of capillary that has the inflow connector situated nearest to the distribution manifold is given a shape having a largest number of curvilinear fragments forming a shape of helix having a largest number of coils, the upper inflow bends and the lower inflow bends, whereas to a middle section of farther capillary that has the inflow connector situated farther on the distribution manifold with respect to the inflow connector situated nearest to the distribution manifold is deducted a portion of the coil and/or at least one coil compared to the previous capillary, whereas a size of the capillary with coils determined by a diameter of the capillary tube, a number of coils, an outer diameter of coils and a spiral lead of the capillary helix are selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries located farther from the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary with the largest number of curvilinear fragments connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger section situated nearest to the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries.
[0009] Another method for shaping a set of capillaries is that the capillary tube of the capillary having an inflow connector situated farthest from the distribution manifold of all the capillaries belonging to and attached to their distribution manifold, formed from the upper inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the middle section of the capillary tube having a largest cross-section area, whereas next capillaries, going towards the distribution manifol, are formed from a capillary tube with a smaller cross-section area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, compared to the capillary tube of the previous capillary in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries having inflow connectors located closer to the distribution manifold than the inflow connector located farthest from the distribution manifold, does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary with the largest cross-section area, connected to the inflow connector of a heat exchanger section and located farthest from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries.
[0010] By analogy to the previous embodiments, an embodiment is preferred that the capillary tube of the capillary having the inflow connector located closest to the distribution manifold among all the capillaries belonging to and connected to their distribution manifold, is formed from the upper inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the middle section from the capillary tube with the smallest cross-section area, and next capillaries, going away from the distribution manifold, is formed from a capillary tube with a larger cross-section area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, as compared to the capillary tube of the previous capillary, in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries located farther from the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary having the smallest cross-section area connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger section and located closest to the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries.
[0011] The idea of the invention is also a set of capillaries of collector of heat exchanger connected to the collector of the heat exchanger of a heat machine comprising sections equal in number to a number of capillaries having a length not less than the distance of each inflow connector of the capillary of the set of capillaries and measured from a distribution manifold to associated inflow connector, each increased by lengths of bends of a capillary tube of capillaries, and shaped according to the method for shaping the set of the capillaries from the capillary tube, each capillary tube being connectable at one end to the associated distribution manifold and at the other end being connectable to the associated inflow connector of section of the heat exchanger, an outflow connector of which is connected to a cooling medium return line of section of the heat exchanger, characterised in that the capillary tubes of the capillaries connectable to the distribution manifold with the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section and located closer to the distribution manifold of the set of the capillaries, each comprising a middle section, an upper inflow bend and lower inflow bends are more off-line in shape than a shape of the capillary tubes of the capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries manifested in more curvilinear fragments compared to a shape of the capillary tubes of the capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries and/or have smaller cross-section areas of the capillary tubes of the capillaries connected to the same distribution manifold of the same section of heat exchanger as compared to the shape of the capillary tubes of the capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries, whereas a flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tubes of the selected set does not differ from each other by more than 30%, regardless of the position of the inflow connector in relation to the distribution manifold.
[0012] Another preferred embodiment is that a middle section of the capillary having the inflow connector located farthest from the distribution manifold has a shape with a smallest number of curvilinear fragments, whereas a middle section of each capillary the inflow connector of which is located closer to the distribution manifold than the capillary inflow connector farther from the distribution manifold has more curvilinear fragments forming a helix shape having a portion of coil and/or at least one coil and the straight section, the upper inflow bends and the lower inflow bends, and whereas a middle section of each subsequent capillary inflow connector of which is located even closer to the distribution manifold, going towards the distribution manifold, than the inflow connector of the capillary adjacent to the capillary the inflow connector of which is farthest away, has a portion of the coil and/or at least one more coil than the preceding capillary.
[0013] According to another embodiment, the middle section of the capillary, inflow collector of which is situated closest to the distribution manifold, has a shape with a greatest number of curvilinear fragments forming a shape of a helix having the most coils, the upper inflow bend and the lower inflow bend, whereas the middle section of each subsequent capillary, the inflow connector of which is located farther from the distribution manifold, going in direction away from the distribution manifold than the inflow connector of a capillary closest to the distribution manifold, has the portion of coil and/or at least one coil less than the previous capillary, whereby a size of a capillary with turns determined by a diameter of the capillary tube, a number of coils, an outside diameter of the coils and a spiral lead of the capillary helix is selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries located farther from the distribution manifold did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inlet connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary with the largest number of curvilinear fragments connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger section located closest to the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries.
[0014] It is also advantageous if the capillary having the inflow connector situated farthest from the distribution manifold of all the capillaries belonging to and connected to their distribution manifolds is formed of an upper inflow bend, a lower inflow bend and a middle section made of capillary tube with the largest cross-section area, whereas next capillaries, going towards the distribution manifold, are formed of the capillary tube with a smaller cross-section area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, as compared to the capillary tube of the previous capillary in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the set of the capillaries did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connectors, with respect to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary pipe with the largest cross-section area connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger section situated farthest from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries, whereby the capillary having the inflow connector farthest from the manifold is made of the capillary tube with an internal cross-section area of not more than 50,0 mm2.
[0015] A further desirable feature of the invention is that the capillary, which has the inflow connector situated closest to the distribution manifold of all the capillaries belonging to and connected to their distribution manifold, is formed of the upper inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the middle section of the capillary tube having a smallest cross-section area, whereas next capillaries, going away from the distribution manifold, are formed of the capillary tube with a larger cross-section area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, as compared to the capillary tube of a previous capillary in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries of the set of the capillaries situated farther from the distribution manifold did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connectors with respect to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube with the smallest cross-section area connected to the inlet connector of the heat exchanger section located closest to the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries, whereby the capillary having the inflow connector situated closest to the manifold is made of the capillary tube having an internal cross-section area of not less than 7,0 mm2.
[0016] Summarizing the above embodiments, it is preferred that the middle section of the capillary tube of capillaries having the inflow connector located closer to the manifold than the inflow connector located farthest from the manifold has shape of a spatial helix.
[0017] Moreover, the idea of the invention is a collector of heat exchanger of heat machine having a set of capillaries and distributing a cooling medium to a chosen section of the heat exchanger, the collector comprising a distribution line connected to a cooling medium inflow with flow distribution lines, a set of n-distribution manifolds connected to the distribution lines, each having a set of m-capillaries formed of a capillary tube, each of which is connected at one end to its associated distribution manifold, whereas another end is connected to its associated inflow connector of the heat exchanger section, outflow connector of which is connected to the return line of the cooling medium of the section of the heat exchanger, characterised in that the capillary tubes of the capillaries connecting the distribution manifold to the inflow connectors of the section of the heat exchanger located closer to the manifold of the set of the capillaries have more curvilinear fragments and have a shape more deviating from a straight line than a shape of the capillary tube of the capillary and more curvilinear fragments connected to the inflow connectors of the section of the heat exchanger situated farther from the distribution manifold of the same set of the capillaries and/or have smaller transverse cross-section areas of capillary tubes of the capillaries than a capillary having the inflow connector farthest from the distribution manifold and connected to the same distribution manifold of the same section of the heat exchanger, whereas a flow resistance of the cooling medium of the tubes of the selected set does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connector relative to the distribution manifold, and the capillary having the inflow connector situated closest to the manifold and closest to the manifold is made of the capillary tube having a cross-section area of not less than 7,0 mm2.
[0018] It is advisable that the collector of the heat exchanger of the heat machine comprises sections equal in number to the number of capillaries having a length not less than the distance of each inflow connector of the capillary of the set of capillaries measured from the manifold plus the lengths of the bends of the capillary tube of the capillaries, and each of the sections cut from the capillary tube is connected at one end to the manifold of the selected section of the heat exchanger, and the other end of each of the sections cut from the capillary tube extends to a point of connection with the associated inflow connector of the capillary of the set of capillaries, whereas the capillary situated closest to the manifold, formed from the upper inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the linear section, has the capillary tube with the smallest cross-section area.
[0019] According to the idea of the invention, it is advisable that the middle section of the capillary tube of the capillary having the inflow connector situated farthest from the manifold among all the capillaries belonging to and connected to their manifold is formed from a linear section of the capillary tube.
[0020] Another desirable feature of the invention is that a middle section of the capillary tube of the capillaries having the inflow connector situated closer to the distribution manifold than the inflow connector of capillary situated farthest from the distribution manifold and closer to the manifold than the capillary having a middle section situated farthest from the distribution manifold and associated with their distribution manifold has a shape of a spatial helix deviating more from a straight line than the shape of the capillary tube of the capillary and a greater number of curvilinear fragments and connected to the inflow connectors of the section of the heat exchanger located farther from the manifold of the same set of m-capillaries as compared to a position of the inflow connector of the capillary situated farthest from the distribution manifold.
[0021] The result of using capillaries of different shapes, preferably a shape of helix having different number of coils, and/or diameters made of capillary tube is to prevent the build-up of oil, which is a by-product of the thermal equipment compressor. Such heat machines operate more efficiently as compared to the current ones and all their exchanger sections operate at similar efficiencies, which contributes to extending the lifespan of heat machines. The benefits of the invention are particularly apparent in heat machines of the heat pump type, operating under variable operating conditions.
[0022] The subject of the invention is shown in embodiments in drawings, where Fig. 1 and 2 show fragments of lamellar heat exchanger with a collector of lamellar heat exchanger of heat machine, Fig. 3 and 4 show an enlarged view of connection of capillary tube with various types of distribution manifolds, Fig. 5 shows a fragment of lamellar heat exchanger with a collector of lamellar heat exchanger having a cascade distribution line, Fig. 6 - 15 show various embodiments of capillaries, Fig. 16 shows an enlarged view of connection of distribution manifold with capillary lines in a shape of helical lines, Fig. 17 shows an enlarged view of connection of distribution manifold and capillary tubes of different cross-section areas, Fig. 18 shows an embodiment of heat machine having a lamellar heat exchanger equipped with distribution manifolds having capillary tubes of different shapes and/or different cross-section areas, Fig. 19 shows an example of heat machine with a tubular exchanger equipped with distribution manifolds having capillary tubes of different shapes and/or different cross-section areas, and Fig. 20 shows an embodiment of microchannel heat exchanger of heat machine equipped with distribution manifolds having capillary tubes of different shapes and/or different cross-section areas.
[0023] Figs. 1 and 2 show a fragment of lamellar heat exchanger 10 with a collector 20 of the heat lamellar heat exchanger 10 of heat engine 5, 105 with a distribution line 8, presented as an example with a slatted distribution line, with flow-through distribution lines 27, an inflow 7 of a cooling medium and a set 30 of n-distribution manifolds, for example 31, 131, 32, 33 connected to the distribution lines 27, each with a set 40 of m-capillaries made of a capillary tube 51, for example capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, and 45, connected to the m-inflow connectors, for example inflow stub tubes or inflow connectors 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, of sections of the heat exchanger 10 as well as a slatted return line 9 with an outflow 6 of the cooling medium connected to the m-outflow connectors, for example outflow connectors 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, of sections of the heat exchanger 10. The farthest connected capillary of a given section is formed from inflow bends and a middle part that mostly forms a linear segment of capillary tube, and each subsequent capillary closer to the corresponding distribution manifold has curvilinear fragments forming coils, whereby a number of curvilinear fragments and a number of coils depend on a length of one coil of a helix, which depends on a diameter of capillary tube, a diameter and a spiral lead of a helix line, and a maximum length of capillary tube led to the farthest capillary. The term "curvilinear fragment" according to the invention means a sector arc that in arc measurement in one embodiment amounts 0,017 rad, in another embodiment amounts 0,17 rad and in yet another embodiment amounts from 0,017 rad to 0,17 rad. Furthermore, the sector arc can have an outer radius D/2 of capillary tube curvature that in one embodiment amounts 12,5 mm, in another embodiment amounts 18,0 mm and in yet another selected from the range of from 12,5 mm to 18,0 mm, preferably from 14,0 mm to 15,0 mm. The capillary tubes of capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and capillaries shown in details in Figs. 3 and 4, connecting the distribution manifolds 31, 131, 32, 33 to the inflow connectors 21, 22, 23, 24 of the sections of the heat exchanger situated closer to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 of the set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 have a shape more deviating from a straight line, namely, they have more curvilinear fragments forming coils or their fragments than the number of curvilinear fragments forming the shape of the capillary tube of the capillary 45 connected to the inflow connector 25 of the section of the heat exchanger situated farthest from the manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 of this of the same set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, which means that by shaping a section of the capillary tube and/or selecting a cross-section area of the capillary tube of which each capillary is made, flow resistances of the cooling medium flow through each capillary connected to the selected distribution manifold can be influenced regardless of a distance between the inflow connector of each capillary and the distribution manifold to which the capillaries are connected. In view of the foregoing, in the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 and 2 and in Figs. 3 and 4 shown in details, the cross-section area of the capillary tube is selected and/or middle sections 71, 76 of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the set 40 of m-capillaries connected to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 are shaped by forming curvilinear fragments from the middle section with a selected cross-section area in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillary 42 belonging to the set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 connected to the inflow connector(s) 22 situated closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 does not differ by more than 30% in one embodiment, does not differ by more than 20% in a further embodiment, does not differ by more than 10% in another embodiment, and does not differ by more than 5% in yet another embodiment with respect to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillaries 41, 43, 44, 45 connected to the inflow connectors 21, 23, 24, 25 of the section of the heat exchanger located farther from the distribution manifold 31 of the same set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 than the inflow connector(s) 22 situated closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 to which the capillary 42 is connected. Generally speaking, the capillary tubes of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 connecting the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 with the inflow connectors 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the section of the heat exchanger located closer to the manifold 31 of the set 40 of m-capillaries 41 , 42, 43, 44, 45 are characterized by the fact that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tubes connected to one distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 of the same set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 does not differ from each other by more than 30% in one embodiment, do not differ from each other by more than 20% in another embodiment, do not differ from each other by more than 10% in another embodiment, and do not differ from each other by more than 5% in yet another embodiment, regardless of the position of the inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 in relation to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, the capillary tube of the capillary 45 has one straight section 71 of the capillary tube 51 and bends at both ends adapted in shape and dimensions to the inflow connector, whereas the capillary tubes 41, 42, 43, 44 connecting the distribution manifold 31, 32 33 with the inflow connectors 21, 22, 23, 24 of the heat exchanger section located closer to the distribution manifold 31 of the set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 have coils formed of the curvilinear fragments and made of the capillary tube 51. The capillary 42 situated closest to the distribution manifold and the inflow connector 22 has four coils and eventually a straight section, whereas capillaries 41 and 43 situated farther away from the distribution manifold have three coil and eventually a straight section whereas the capillary 44 farther away has only one full coil and eventually a straight section.
[0024] The capillary tubes are made of a thick-walled tube made of copper or its alloy with a small amount of iron, for example CuFe2P, with a diameter of 3.0 mm in one embodiment and 5.0 mm in another embodiment, which allows bending at ambient temperature without concerns about flattening the walls. In other embodiments, the diameter of the capillary tube is selected from 3.0 mm to 8.0 mm. Switching to another physical quantity, namely the cross-section area, the capillaries have 7,0 mm2 in one embodiment, 15,0 mm2 in another embodiment and 25,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment, even 50,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment. In still other embodiments, the cross-section area is selected from the range of 7,0 mm2 to 50,0 mm2. Variable radius bending is performed on a numerically controlled three-roller bending machine known from the state of the art, especially in serial production, and in unit production it is possible to shape capillary tubes using hand tools, bending machines, special springs for bending pipes, or other bars with a square or oval cross-section, or by winding the capillary tube on a cylinder.
[0025] Fig. 2 shows a collector 120 of a heat exchanger 110 of the heat machine 105 with flow distribution lines 127 ending in the distribution manifolds 31, 131, 33 forming the set 30 of n-manifolds 31, 131, 33 with the sets 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 connected to inflow connectors 121 of a section of the heat exchanger 110 and to a slatted return line 109 connected to the outflow connectors of the section of the heat exchanger 110. The capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the individual sections are connected to distribution manifolds of various embodiments, for example the distribution manifold 31 has a truncated cone shape, and the distributor manifold 131 has the shape of a figure made of a truncated pyramid turning into a cuboid, supplied by the flow distribution lines 127 from a vessel 125.
[0026] Figs. 3 and 4 show an enlarged view of the connection of the capillary tube with different types of distribution manifolds. Fig. 3 shows the application of the developed geometry in a variant with the distribution manifold 31 shown in Figs. 1 and 2 at the top in the shape of a rotary solid being a cone turning into a cylinder, and Fig. 4 shows an embodiment with five capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 forming a set 140, in which the distribution manifold 131 has a shape of a truncated pyramid turning into a cuboid and then into a cylinder.
[0027] The capillary 45 shown in Figs. 3 and 4, which is situated farthest from the distribution manifold 31, is formed from a straight section 81 and one or more upper inflow bends 82 and one or more lower inflow bends 83, whereas each capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, which is situated closer to the distribution manifold 31, is formed in the shape of a helix having at least one complete or full coil 75 or a portion of coil 77, one or more upper inflow bends 72, one or more lower inflow bends 73, and a linear section 71 of its major length, for example 90% of its length in one embodiment and 95% of its length in another embodiment.
[0028] Fig. 5 shows an example of application of the invention the same as shown in Fig. 1, namely Fig. 5 shows a heat machine 205 with a collector 220 of a heat exchanger, differing, as compared to previous ones, in that the cooling medium is supplied to the distribution manifolds through a distribution line 208 of cascade type having a main distribution line 201 and a secondary distribution lines 202 connected to the distribution lines 27 terminating in the distribution manifolds 31, 131.
[0029] Examples of capillary geometry 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245, its parameters, exemplary dimensions are shown in Figs. 6-15, however in the most common embodiments shown in Figs. 6-11, the shape of the capillary is given by bending a capillary tube with a circular or square cross-section with rounded corners and takes the shape of a cylindrical helix shown in Figs. 6, 7, 10, 11 or a rectangular prism shown in Fig. 8, or the flattened cylindrical shown in Fig. 9, which may be laevo-rotary as shown in Figs. 6, 8, 9 and 10 or dextrorotatory as shown in Figs. 7 and 11, in which an inlet side 78 of the capillary 41, 42, 43, 44 45, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 made of the capillary tube 51 was led to the highest point of the helix, whereas an outlet side 79 of the capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 241, 242, 243, 244, 245 made of the capillary tube 51 was brought to the lowest point of the helix. The capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, in addition to the coils 75, 175, has an upper bend 176 and a lower bend 177. In another embodiment, the capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, in addition to the coils 75, 175, has a straight section made of the capillary tube, especially when a distance between the distribution manifold and the inflow connector is greater than the height of the helix. In embodiments described above, the translational movement of oil droplets is supported by the tangential component of force to the direction of flow resulting from the distribution of the gravity force of the oil droplets on walls of the capillary tube oriented at the angle β to the horizontal plane. A use of wall slope of the capillary tube guarantees that the flow of the cooling medium together with oil rest always runs from top to bottom, which is consistent with the direction of flow of the cooling medium and does not lead to the capillary tube being trapped. Another quantity is a deflection angle α between a vertical axis being a line parallel to the direction of gravity and an axis forming the helix. The value of the permissible deviation of the angle α directly depends on the value of the angle β measured between the axis perpendicular to the local cross-section of the capillary tube and the horizontal plane perpendicular to the vertical, so that the inclination of the capillary tube ensures a continuous decrease in the tube distributing the cooling medium and using it as an inclined plane.
[0030] Figs. 12-15 show embodiments of a curvilinear capillary made of the capillary tube 51 and having a shape of a conical helix. The method of operation and shape is analogous to the embodiments shown in Figs. 6-11 and therefore the execution of the curvilinear capillaries in the geometry of the conical helix can be interchangeable in the right-handed version of the capillary 341, 342, 343, 344, 345 or in the left-handed version of the capillary 441, 442, 443, 444, 445 and in the version of which the base of the cone is on the inlet side and the tip on the outlet side, or alternatively, the base is on an outlet side and the tip is on an inlet side. The cone angle in which the helix is inscribed may be anywhere from 90 to 180 degrees.
[0031] The geometry of capillary tubes can also assume spatial shapes inscribed in fragments of the generating surface of other spatial geometric solids, for example ellipsoids or barrels, where the distance from the generating axis increases and then decreases with the change of distance from the inlet or outlet side. These embodiments are not shown in the figures due to their construction being analogous to the previously presented embodiments.
[0032] The method of forming the set of capillaries of the collector 20, 120, 220, 520, 620, 720, 820 of the heat exchanger 10, 110, 710, 810 of the heat machine 5, 105, 205, 605, 705, 805 with the set of capillaries and distributing the cooling medium to the section of the heat exchanger 10, 110, 710, 810 and comprising the distribution line 8 connected to the cooling medium inflow 7 having the inflow distribution lines 27, the set 30 of n-distribution manifolds, for example 31, 131, 32, 33, connected to the inflow distribution lines 27, in all embodiments shown above is the same. Each distribution manifold, for example having five capillaries, has the set of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 formed of the capillary tube 51, each of which is connected at one end to its associated distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33, and at its other end is connected to the associated inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the section of the heat exchanger 10, the outflow connector 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of which is connected to the outflow 6 of the cooling medium of the section of the heat exchanger 10. In each of the embodiments shown above, the position of each capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the set relative to the inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 is first determined and distances of each inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the set 40 of the m-capillaries from the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 are determined. Then, from the capillary tube 51 of the selected cross-section area, sections of various lengths are cut in the number equal to the number of capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 that are not shorter than the distances of each inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 of the capillary 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the set 40 of m-capillaries measured to the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 increased by curvilinear fragments and lengths of bends of the capillary tube of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, whereby each section cut from the capillary tube is then connected at one end with the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 of the selected section of the heat exchanger 10, and, at the other end of each section cut from the capillary tube, the capillary tube after giving it a selected shape is cut to position of distribution manifold to which each capillary of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 belonging to the inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 is associated. For example, the capillary 45 situated farthest from the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 is formed from a straight section 81 and upper inlet bends 82 and lower inlet bends 83 and then the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary 45 with the straight section 81 is determined, and each capillary 45 located closer to the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 is formed in the shape of a helix having curvilinear fragments forming, for example, one full coil 75 and eventually a turn portion 77 and upper inflow bends 72 and lower inflow bends 73 and the straight section 81. The capillary 44 adjacent to the capillary 45 with the straight section 81 has, for example, one full coil 75, and each subsequent capillary 43, 42 going towards the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 has more curvilinear fragments, for example, has one coil 175 more than the previous capillary, whereas the size of the capillary with coils formed of curvilinear fragments determined by a diameter d of the capillary tube, the number of coils, an outer diameter D of the coils, and a spiral lead H of the capillary are chosen or selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of the set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 located closer to the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33 is no more than 30% different in one embodiment, no more than 20% different in another embodiment, no more than 20% different in another embodiment, and no more than 10% different in another embodiment, by more than 5% in yet another embodiment, regardless of the distance between the distribution manifold and the inflow connector of each capillary connected to the same manifold, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary 45 with the straight section connected to the inflow connector of the section of the heat exchanger located farthest from the distribution manifold 31 of the same set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45. Approaching the embodiment differently, according to the invention, the capillary 42 having the inflow connector 22 closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 and situated closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 formed from the upper inlet bend 72, the lower inflow bend 73 and the middle section 71 is formed of the capillary tube 51 with a cross-section area of not less than 7.0 mm2 and/or a shape having the most curvilinear fragments compared to the size of the cross-section area and/or shape of the capillaries 41, 43, 44, 45 located farther from the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33, 131 than the capillary 42 located closest to the distribution manifold 31, 32, 33, 131. Taken into consideration that the larger is the cross-section of the capillary tube section, the lower is the flow resistance of the cooling medium flowing through the capillary tube section of the same length. One of the quantities that allows to compare the flow resistance of the cooling medium through capillary tubes of the same length or different lengths and with different cross-section areas is the pressure drop calculated on the basis of the difference in pressure at the beginning of the capillary tube section and the pressure at the end of the capillary tube section, that is known from the state of the art. Another value that allows to compare the flow resistance of the cooling medium through capillary tubes of the same length or different lengths and having different cross-section areas is the decrease in the flow velocity of the cooling medium stream calculated on the basis of the difference in the flow velocity of the cooling medium stream at the beginning of the capillary tube section and the flow velocity of the cooling medium stream at the end of the capillary section, that is also known in the art. In the method according to the invention, each capillary is shaped in such a way that the flow resistances of the cooling medium of the capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 belonging to each set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 in one of embodiments do not differ from each other by more than 10%, regardless of the position of the inflow connector 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, respectively, relative to the distribution manifold connected thereto, 31, 131, 32, 33, respectively, and in one embodiment, the cross section of the capillary tube 51 of each capillary 41, 43, 44, 45, going away from the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 farther than the capillary 42 situated closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 increases, and whereas in another embodiment each capillary 41, 43, 44, 45 is shaped with fewer curvilinear fragments going farther away from the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33 than the capillary 42 closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 32, 33, and in yet another embodiment not shown in Figs. 1-8 cross section of the capillary tube of each capillary going farther away from the distribution manifold than the capillary situated closest to the distribution manifold increases and each capillary is shaped into a capillary with fewer curvilinear fragments going farther away from the distribution manifold than the capillary closest to the distribution manifold. The size of the cross-section area of each capillary and/or the number of curvilinear fragments is selected experimentally by measuring such values as mentioned above, for example by measuring the pressure drop and/or the decrease in the flow velocity of the cooling medium stream, or using other methods of determining the flow resistance of the cooling medium.
[0033] The size of the capillary tube diameter d is selected from 3,0 mm to 5,0 mm. In another embodiments, the diameter of the capillary tube is selected from 3,0 mm to 8,0 mm. Switching to another physical quantity, namely to the cross-section area, the capillaries are 7,0 mm2 in one embodiment, 15,0 mm2 in another embodiment and 25,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment, even 50,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment. In still other embodiments, the cross-section area is selected from the range of 7,0 mm2 to 50,0 mm2. In turn, the outer diameter D of the coils is 25,0 mm in one embodiment and 35,0 mm in another embodiment, and is usually from 28,0 mm to 30,0 mm, preferably 30,0 mm. The spiral lead H of the helix of the capillary is selected, as mentioned above, experimentally. In one embodiment it is 4,1 mm and in another embodiment it is 5,5 mm, and typically it is from 4,1 mm to 5,5 mm.
[0034] Figs. 16 and 17 show, in an enlarged view, the connections of various types of capillary tubes to the distribution manifolds. The capillary 545 shown in Fig. 16, with the inflow connector 25 situated farthest from the distribution manifold 31, 131, comprises either a middle section 581 in the form of an out-of-line helix and has the least amount of curvilinear fragments and one or more upper inflow bends 582 and one or more lower inflow bends 583. Each capillary, for example a capillary 544, the inflow connector 24 of which is located closer to the distribution manifold 31, 131 as compared to the inflow connector 25, is formed from a middle section 571 having more curvilinear fragments compared to the middle section 581, one or more upper inflow bends 572 and one or more lower inflow bends 573. Although the inflow connector 24 is located closer to the distribution manifold 31, 131 as compared to the location of the inflow connector 25, due to the varying number of curvilinear fragments, the flow resistance of the cooling medium through each section of the heat machine, in particular the flow resistance of each of the capillary tubes of the capillary set of capillaries connected to the distribution connector(s) situated closest to the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the position of the capillary inflow connector in relation to the distribution manifold as compared to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set of capillaries than the inflow connector(s) closest to the distribution manifold.
[0035] The capillary 645 shown in Fig. 17 that is situated farthest from the distribution manifold 31, 131 has the largest diameter d5 and is formed of a straight section 681 and one or more upper inflow bends 682 and one or more lower inflow bends 683, and each capillary, for example the capillary 644 that is situated closer to the distribution manifold 31, 131 has a smaller diameter d4, one or more upper inflow bends 672, one or more lower inflow bends 673, and a straight section 671. The capillary 642 that is situated closest to the distribution manifold 31, 131, is formed of a capillary tube 51 having the smallest diameter d2 and the smallest cross section of the middle section and upper inflow bends and lower inflow bends, and each capillary, for example the capillary 641, 643 having a middle section, upper inflow bends and lower inflow bends, is formed of a capillary tube 51 having a larger diameter, and therefore has a larger cross-section area than the cross-section area of the capillary tube 51 of the capillary located closer to the distribution manifold.
[0036] The diameter d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 of the capillary tube 51 is 3,0 mm in one embodiment and 8,0 mm in another embodiment. In other embodiments, the diameter of the capillary tube is selected from 3,0 mm to 8,0 mm. The diameter of the capillary tubes for the selected set of capillaries and the selected section of the heat exchanger is selected experimentally as mentioned above. Switching to another physical quantity, namely cross-section area, the capillary tubes have an interior cross-section area 7,0 mm2 in one embodiment, 15,0 mm2 in another embodiment, and 25,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment, and even 50,0 mm2 in yet another embodiment. In yet other embodiments, the internal cross section area of the capillary tube is selected from the range of 7,0 mm2 to 50,0 mm2.
[0037] Fig. 18 shows an embodiment in which the heat exchanger 10 of the heat machine 5 is a laminar exchanger equipped with a collector 20, to which in one embodiment distribution manifolds 31, 131, 32, 33 with a set 40 of m-capillaries 41, 42 made of capillary tube are connected. In another embodiment shown in Fig. 18 the distribution manifolds 31, 131 were connected with a set 540 of m-capillaries 541, 542 made of a capillary tube, whereas in yet another embodiment the distribution manifolds 31, 131 are connected with a set 640 of m-capillaries 641, 642 made of capillary tube. By means of a compressor 3, the cooling medium is pumped through a condenser 4 to the collector 20, from which the cooling medium is supplied to the distribution manifolds 31, 131, 32, 33 to which the capillaries are connected. The developed bending geometry of the capillary tube gives the capillary conduit a spatial curvilinear shape, for example a cylindrical helix, conical helix or helix, the diameter, length, spiral lead and number of coils of which depend directly on the distance between the inflow connector of the capillary of the associated exchanger section and the distribution manifold. A capillary inflow connector of which has a smaller distance measured to the distribution manifold has more coils, and the capillary inflow connector of which has a greater distance measured to the distribution manifold has fewer coils. From the capillaries, the cooling medium together with oil droplets goes to individual sections of the heat exchanger, thanks to which the oil circulates in the cooling circuit and does not accumulate in the pipes distributing the cooling medium.
[0038] The lowest detail shown in Fig. 18 illustrates an embodiment in which the capillary tube of the capillary with the inflow connector farthest from the distribution manifold 31, 131 is not only straight but also has the largest diameter and thus the largest cross section area. It is an embodiment in which reducing the flow resistance, in particular the reduction of the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillaries located farther from the distribution manifold, is achieved due to the fact that, compared to the shape and diameter of the capillary tubes of the remaining capillaries, the capillary tube of the straight section 71 has a larger diameter and fewer curvilinear fragments, in the extreme case there are no curvilinear fragments. The embodiment discussed above is characterized in that due to the combination of changing the cross section of the capillary tubes and changing the shape of the capillary tubes achieved by a diverse number of curvilinear fragments, it is achieved that the flow resistance of the cooling medium through each section of the heat machine, in particular the flow resistance of each of the capillary tubes of the set of capillaries connected to the connector/connectors located closest to the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the position of the capillary inflow connector in relation to the distribution manifold as compared to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set than the manifold connectors(s) closest to the distribution manifold.
[0039] Fig. 19 shows an embodiment in which there is used the invention in exchangers of another type, for example tubular exchangers 710 of heat machines 705 with a collector 720 with a distribution manifold 731 with a set 740 of m-capillaries 741, 742, 743, 744, 745 of various shapes and/or cross sections made of capillary tube. By means of the compressor 3, the cooling medium is pumped through the condenser 4 to the collector 720, from which the cooling medium is supplied to the distribution manifold 731, to which the capillaries 741, 742, 743, 744, 745 are connected.
[0040] In turn, Fig. 20 shows an embodiment in which there is used the invention in exchangers of another type, for example microchannel exchangers 810 of heat machines 805 equipped with a collector 820, to which in one embodiment distribution manifolds 31, 131, 831 are connected with a set 840 of m-capillaries 841, 842, 843 that are made of capillary tube. In another embodiment shown in Fig. 20, the distribution manifolds 31, 131 with a set 540 of m-capillaries 541, 542 made of a capillary tube are connected, whereas in yet another embodiment the distribution manifolds 31, 131 with a set of 640 m-capillaries 641, 642 made of capillary tube are connected. By means of the compressor 3, the cooling medium is pumped through the condenser 4 to the collector 820, from which the cooling medium is supplied to the distribution manifold 31, 131, 831, to which the capillaries 541, 542, 641, 642, 841, 842, 843 are connected.
[0041] The lowermost detail shown in Fig. 20 illustrates an embodiment in which the capillary tube of the capillary, inflow connector of which is situated farthest from the distribution manifold 31, 131, is not only straight, but also has the largest diameter and thus the largest cross section area. It is an embodiment in which the diversification of flow resistance, in particular the reduction of the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillaries inflow connectors of which are located farther from the distribution manifold, is achieved due to the fact that, compared to the shape and diameter of the capillary tubes of the remaining capillaries, the capillary tube of a straight section has larger diameter and has fewer curvilinear fragments, and in the extreme case there are no curvilinear fragments. The embodiments discussed above are characterized in that due to the combination of changing the cross-section of the capillary tubes and changing the shape of the capillary tube achieved by a diverse number of curvilinear fragments, the flow resistance of the cooling medium flowing through each section of the heat machine, in particular the flow resistance of each of the capillary tube of the set of capillaries connected to the connector(s) closest to the distribution manifold does not differ by more than 30% in one embodiment, does not differ by more than 20% in the next embodiment, does not differ by more than 10% in another embodiment, and does not differ by more than 5% in yet another embodiment, regardless of the position of the capillary inflow connector in relation to the distribution manifold, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of another capillaries connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section located farther from the distribution manifold of the same set than the connector(s) closest to the distribution manifold.
[0042] The structure and principle of shaping as well as assembling the capillaries is analogous to that of the lamellar heat exchanger. Although most of the embodiments represent capillaries having a circular cross section, the descriptions of the capillaries, their assembly and the construction and principle of shaping capillaries, having another cross sections, would be identical. Likewise, components and sub-assemblies that are the same or have the same function have been identified by the same reference numerals throughout the figures.
List of references
[0043]
3 Compressor
4 Condenser
5, 105, 205, 605, 705, 805 Heat machine
6 Return line of cooling medium
7 Inflow of cooling medium
8, 208 Distribution line
9, 109 Slatted return line
10, 110 Lamellar heat exchanger
20, 120, 220, 520, 620, 720, 820 Collector
21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 121 Inflow connector
27, 127 Flow distribution line
30, 130 Set of n-distribution manifolds
31, 32, 33, 131, 731, 831 Distribution manifold
40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840 Set of m-capillaries
41, 42, 43, 44, 45 Capillary
51 Capillary tube
61, 62, 63, 64, 65 Outflow connector
71, 76, 81, 671, 681 Middle straight section
72, 82, 582, 682 Upper inflow bend
73, 83, 583, 683 Lower inflow bend
75, 175 Whole or full coil
77 Piece or portion of a coil
78 Inlet side of capillary
79 Outlet side of capillary
141, 142, 143, 144, 145 Capillary
176 Upper inflection
177 Lower inflection
201 Main distribution line
202 Additional distribution line
241, 242, 243, 244, 245 Capillary
341, 342, 343, 344, 345 Capillary
441, 442, 443, 444, 445 Capillary
541, 542, 543, 544, 545 Capillary
571, 581 Middle segment in a form of a helical line
641, 642, 643, 644, 645 Capillary
710 Tubular heat exchanger
741, 742, 743, 744, 745 Capillary
810 Microchannel heat exchanger
841, 842, 843 Capillary
1. A method for shaping a set of capillaries of collector (20, 120, 220, 520, 620, 720,
820) of heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810) of heat machine (5, 105, 205, 605, 705)
with the set of capillaries distributing a cooling medium to heat exchanger (10, 110,
710, 810) sections, the set comprising a distribution line (8) connected to a cooling
medium inflow (7) and having flow distribution lines (27), a set (30) of n-distribution
manifolds (31, 131, 32, 33) connected to the distribution lines (27), each having
a set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) formed of a capillary tube (51),
each of which is connected at one end to its associated distribution manifold (31,
131, 32, 33), and at another end to its associated inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24,
25) of the section of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810) outflow connector (61,
62, 63, 64, 65) of which is connected to a return line (6) of the cooling medium of
the section of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810), the method for shaping the
set of capillaries comprising steps:
locating a position of each inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of the set (40) in relation to the manifold of the set (30) of n-distribution manifolds (31, 131, 32, 33) to which the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) are attached,
determining a distance from each inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillary (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of the set of m-capillaries (40) to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), to which the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) are connected,
cutting segments or sections from the capillary tube (51) or capillary tubes in a number equal to a number of capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45), whereas a length of a cut capillary section is not less than the distance between the inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillary (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) associated to the cut section of the capillary tube of the m-capillary set (40) and the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) increased by a length of coils and inflow bends of the capillary tube of capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45),
shaping the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45), each comprising a middle segment or section (71), an upper inflow bend (72) and a lower inflow bend (73), from the associated cut capillary section,
connecting capillaries shaped from segments or sections cut from the capillary tube at one end to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the selected section of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810), and at another end of each to the inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) associated to the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of the m-capillary set (40),
characterised in that
when shaping the middle sections (71) of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of the m-capillary set (40, 540, 640) a flow resistance of the cooling medium of the shaped capillary (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of the m-capillaries set (40) comprising the middle segments or section (71, 571, 671), the upper inflow bend (72, 572, 672) and the lower inflow bend (73, 573, 673) is determined and the cross-section area of the capillary tube is selected experimentally and/or the shape of the middle sections (71, 571, 671) of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of the set (40) of m-capillaries connected to the same distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) is given by forming curvilinear fragments from the middle section in such a way that a flow resistance of the cooling medium flowing through the capillary tubes of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of set (40, 540, 640) m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) does not differ from each other by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connectors of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of the set (40, 540, 640) in respect to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) to which the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of the set (40, 540, 640) are connected.
2. The method for shaping a set of capillaries according to claim 1, characterised in that the capillary (45) comprising middle section (81), an upper inflow bend (82) and
a lower inflow bend (83) is shaped in such a way that the middle section (81) of the
capillary (45) that has the inflow connector (22) situated farthest from the distribution
manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) is given a shape having a fewest number of curved or curvilinear
fragments manifesting in a shape of a straight line whereas a middle section of capillary
(44) that has the inflow connector (24) situated near the distribution manifold (31,
131, 32, 33) with respect to the inflow connector (25) situated farthest from the
distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) is given a shape having a greater number of
curvilinear fragments forming a helix that has a portion of a coil and/or at least
one coil (75), the upper inflow bend (72) and the lower inflow bend (73) and whereas
the middle section of each subsequent capillary (43, 42, 41), inflow connector of
which is located even closer to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), going
towards the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), than the inflow connector (24)
of the capillary (44) adjacent to the capillary (45), which the inflow connector (25)
is located farthest away, a piece of coil (77) and/or at least one more coil (75,
175) is added with respect to a previous capillary, whereas a size of the capillary
with coils determined by a diameter (d) of the capillary tube, a number of coils,
an outer diameter (D) of coils and a spiral lead (H) of the capillary helix are selected
experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each
of the capillary tubes of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44) of the set (40) of m-capillaries
(41, 42, 43, 44, 45) located closer to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33)
does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors,
from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary
(45) with the smallest number of curvilinear fragments connected to an inflow connector
of the heat exchanger section situated farthest from the distribution manifold (31)
of the same set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45).
3. The method for shaping a set of capillaries according to claim 1, characterised in that to a middle section of capillary (42) that has the inflow connector (22) situated
nearest to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) is given a shape having a greatest
number of curvilinear fragments forming a shape of helix having a greatest number
of coils, the upper inflow bends (72) and the lower inflow bends (73), whereas to
a middle section of further capillary that has the inflow connector (22) situated
farther on the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) with respect to the inflow
connector (25) situated nearest to the distribution manifold is deducted a portion
of the coil (77) and/or at least one coil (75, 175) compared to the previous capillary,
whereas a size of the capillary with coils determined by a diameter (d) of the capillary
tube, a number of coils, an outer diameter (D) of coils and a spiral lead (H) of the
capillary helix are selected experimentally in such a way that the flow resistance
of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries (41, 42, 43,
44) of the set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) located farther from the
distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) does not differ by more than 30%, regardless
of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium
of the capillary tube of the capillary (42) with the greatest number of curvilinear
fragments connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger section situated
nearest to the distribution manifold (31) of the same set (40) of m-capillaries (41,
42, 43, 44, 45).
4. The method for shaping a set of capillaries according to claim 1, characterised in that the capillary tube (51) of the capillary (645) having an inflow connector (625) situated
farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) of all the capillaries (641,
642, 643, 644, 645) belonging to and attached to their distribution manifold (31,
32, 33, 131), formed from the upper inflow bend (682), the lower inflow bend (683)
and the middle section (681) of the capillary tube (51) having a largest cross-section
area, whereas next capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644), going towards the distribution
manifold (31, 32, 33), are formed from a capillary tube with a smaller cross-section
area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, compared to the capillary tube of
the previous capillary in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium
of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644) of the set
(640) of the m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645) having inflow connectors located
closer to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) than the inflow connector (625)
located farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131), does not differ
by more than 30%, regardless of location of the inflow connectors, from the flow resistance
of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of the capillary (645) with the largest
cross-section area, connected to the inflow connector (625) of a heat exchanger section
and located farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the same
set (640) of the m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645).
5. The method for shaping a set of capillaries according to claim 1, characterised in that the capillary tube of the capillary (642) having the inflow connector (22) located
closest to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) among all the capillaries (641,
642, 643, 644, 645) belonging to and connected to their distribution manifold (31,
131, 32, 33), is formed from the upper inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the
middle section from the capillary tube (51) with the smallest cross-section area,
and next capillaries (641, 643, 644, 645), going away from the distribution manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33), are formed from a capillary tube with a larger cross-section area,
selecting the cross-section experimentally, as compared to the capillary tube of the
previous capillary, in such a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of
each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries (641, 643, 644, 645) of the set (640)
of m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645) located farther from the distribution manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33) does not differ by more than 30%, regardless of location of the
inflow connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary
tube of the capillary (642) having the smallest cross-section area connected to the
inflow connector (22) of the heat exchanger section and located closest to the distribution
manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the same set (640) of m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645).
6. A set (40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
of a collector of a heat exchanger connected to the collector (20, 120, 220, 520,
620, 720, 820) of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810) of a heat machine (5, 105,
205, 605, 705) comprising sections equal in number to a number of capillaries (41,
42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) having a length
not less than the distance of each inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillary
(41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645) of the set
(40) of capillaries and measured from a distribution manifold (31, 32, 33) to associated
inflow connector, each increased by lengths of bends of a capillary tube (51) of capillaries
(41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645), and shaped
according to the method of claim 1 for shaping the set of the capillaries from the
capillary tube (51), each capillary tube being connectable at one end to the associated
distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) and at the other end being connectable to
the associated inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of section of the heat exchanger
(10, 110, 710, 810), an outflow connector (61, 62, 63, 64, 65) of which is connected
to a cooling medium return line (6) of section of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710,
810), characterised in that the capillary tubes of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44; 541, 542, 543, 544) connectable
to the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33) with the inflow connectors (21, 22, 23,
24) of the heat exchanger section and located closer to the distribution manifold
(31, 32, 33) of the set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645),
each comprising a middle section (71), an upper inflow bend (72) and lower inflow
bends (73) are more curvilinear in shape than a shape of the capillary tubes of the
capillaries (45, 545) connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger section
located farther from the distribution manifold (31) of the same set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
manifested in more curvilinear fragments compared to a shape of the capillary tubes
of the capillaries (45, 545) connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger
section located farther from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the same
set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
and/or have smaller cross-section areas of the capillary tubes of the capillaries
(641, 642, 643, 644) connected to the same distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131)
of the same section of heat exchanger as compared to the shape of the capillary tubes
of the capillaries (645) connected to the inflow connectors of the heat exchanger
section located farther from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the same
set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45), whereas a flow resistance of the cooling
medium of the capillary tubes of the selected set (40) does not differ from each other
by more than 30%, regardless of the position of the inflow connector (21, 22, 23,
24, 25) in relation to the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131).
7. The set (40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of collector of heat exchanger according to claim
6, characterised in that a middle section (81) of the capillary (45) having the inflow connector located farthest
from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) has a shape with a smallest number
of curvilinear fragments, whereas a middle section of each capillary (44) having the
inflow connector located closer to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) than
the capillary inflow connector situated farther from the distribution manifold has
more curvilinear fragments forming a shape of helix having a portion of coil (77)
and/or at least one coil (75, 175) and the straight section (81), the upper inflow
bends (72) and the lower inflow bends (73), and whereas a middle section of each subsequent
capillary inflow connector of which is located even closer to the distribution manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33), going towards the distribution manifold (31, 32, 33), than the
inflow connector of the capillary adjacent to the capillary the inflow connector of
which is farthest away, has a portion of the coil and/or at least one more coil (175)
than the preceding capillary.
8. The set (40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of collector
of heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterised in that the middle section (81) of the capillary (45), inflow collector of which is situated
closest to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), has a shape with a greatest
number of curvilinear fragments forming a shape of a helix having the most coils (75),
the upper inflow bend (72) and the lower inflow bend (73), whereas the middle section
of each subsequent capillary, the inflow connector of which is located farther from
the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), going in direction away from the distribution
manifold (31, 32, 33) than the inflow connector of a capillary closest to the distribution
manifold, has the portion of coil (77) and/or at least one coil (75, 175) less than
the previous capillary, whereby a size of a capillary with turns determined by a diameter
(d) of the capillary tube, a number of coils, an outside diameter (D) of the coils
and a spiral lead (H) of the capillary helix is selected experimentally in such a
way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes
of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44) of the set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) located farther from the distribution manifold (31,
131, 32, 33) did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow
connectors, from the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary tube of
the capillary (42) with the largest number of curvilinear fragments connected to the
inflow connector of the heat exchanger section located closest to the distribution
manifold (31) of the same set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45).
9. The set (40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of collector of heat exchanger according to claim
6, characterised in that the capillary (645) having the inflow connector (25) farthest from the distribution
manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) of all the capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645) belonging
to and connected to their distribution manifolds (31, 32, 33, 131), is formed of an
upper inflow bend (682), a lower inflow bend (683) and a middle section (681) made
of capillary tube (51) with the largest cross-section area, whereas next capillaries
(641, 642, 643, 644), going towards the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), are
formed of the capillary tube with a smaller cross-section area, selecting the cross-section
experimentally, as compared to the capillary tube of the previous capillary in such
a way that the flow resistance of the cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes
(641, 642, 643, 644) of the set (40) of m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645) located closer to the manifold (31, 131, 32,
33) did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connectors,
with respect to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the capillary (645) with
the largest cross-section area connected to the inflow connector of the heat exchanger
section situated farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the
same set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45), whereby the capillary (645) having the inflow connector
(25) farthest from the manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) is made of the capillary tube (51)
with an internal cross-section area that does not exceed 50,0 mm2.
10. The set (40, 140, 540, 640, 740, 840) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of collector
of heat exchanger according to claim 6, characterised in that the capillary (642) which has the inflow connector (22) situated closest to the distribution
manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of all the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) belonging to
and connected to their distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), is formed of the upper
inflow bend, the lower inflow bend and the middle section of the capillary tube (51)
having a smallest cross-section area, whereas next capillaries, going away from the
distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33), are formed of the capillary tube with a larger
cross-section area, selecting the cross-section experimentally, as compared to the
capillary tube of a previous capillary in such a way that the flow resistance of the
cooling medium of each of the capillary tubes of the capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644)
of the set (40) of m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645) situated farther from the distribution manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33) did not differ by more than 30%, regardless of the location of the
inflow connectors with respect to the flow resistance of the cooling medium of the
capillary tube (642) with the smallest cross-section area connected to the inflow
connector of the heat exchanger section located closest to the distribution manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33) of the same set (40) of m-capillaries (641, 642, 643, 644, 645), whereby the capillary (642) having the inflow
connector (22) situated closest to the manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) is made of the capillary
tube (51) having an internal cross-section area of not less than 7,0 mm2.
11. The set of capillaries according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that the middle section (81, 581) of the capillary tube (51) of capillaries (41, 42, 43,
44; 541, 542, 543, 544) having the inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24) located closer
to the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) than the inflow connector (25) located farthest
from the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) has shape of a spatial helix.
12. A collector (20, 120, 220, 520, 620, 720, 820) of heat exchanger (10, 110, 310) of
heat machine (5, 105, 205, 605, 705, 805) having a set of capillaries according to
claim 6 and distributing a cooling medium to a chosen section of the heat exchanger
(10, 110, 710, 810), the collector comprising a distribution line (8) connected to
a cooling medium inflow (7) with flow distribution lines (27), a set (30) of n-distribution manifolds (31, 131, 32, 33) connected to the distribution lines (27),
each having a set (40) of m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
formed of a capillary tube (51), each of which is connected at one end to its associated
distribution manifold (31, 32, 33, 131), whereas another end is connected to its associated
inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810) section,
outflow connector (61, 62, 63, 64, 65) of which is connected to the return line (6)
of the cooling medium of the section of the heat exchanger (10, 110, 710, 810), characterised in that the capillary tubes of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44; 541, 542, 543, 544) connecting
the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) to the inflow connectors (21, 22, 23,
24) of the section of the heat exchanger located closer to the manifold (31, 131,
32, 33) of the set (40) m-capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
have more curvilinear fragments and have a shape more deviating from a straight line
than a shape of the capillary tube (51) of the capillary (45, 545) and more curvilinear
fragments connected to the inflow connectors of the section of the heat exchanger
situated farther from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) of the same set
(40) of m-capillaries 41, 42, 43, 44, 45; 541, 542, 543, 544, 545; 641, 642, 643, 644, 645)
and/or have smaller transverse cross-section areas of capillary tubes of the capillaries
(541, 542, 543, 544) than a capillary (645) having the inflow connector farthest from
the distribution manifold and connected to the same distribution manifold (31, 131,
32, 33) of the same section of the heat exchanger, whereas a flow resistance of the
cooling medium of the tubes of the selected set (40) does not differ by more than
30%, regardless of the location of the inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) relative
to the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33, respectively), and the capillary (42)
having the inflow connector (22) situated closest to the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33)
and closest to the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) is made of the capillary tube (51) having
a cross-section area of not less than 7,0 mm2.
13. The collector of the heat exchanger of the heat machine according to claim 12, characterised in that the distribution manifold comprises sections equal in number to the number of capillaries
(41, 42, 43, 44, 45) having a length not less than the distance of each inflow connector
(21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillary (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) of the set (40) of capillaries
measured from the manifold (31, 32, 33, 131) plus the lengths of the bends of the
capillary tube (51) of the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45), and each of the sections
cut from the capillary tube (51) is connected at one end to the manifold (31, 32,
33, 131) of the selected section of the heat exchanger (10), and the other end of
each of the sections cut from the capillary tube (51) extends to a point of connection
with the associated inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24, 25) of the capillary (41, 42,
43, 44, 45) of the set (40) of capillaries, whereas the capillary (42) situated closest
to the manifold (31, 32, 33, 131), formed from the upper inflow bend (72), the lower
inflow bend (73) and the linear section (71), has the capillary tube with the smallest
cross-section area.
14. The collector of the heat exchanger of the heat machine according to claim 12 or 13,
characterised in that the middle section (81) of the capillary tube (51) of the capillary (45) having the
inflow connector (25) situated farthest from the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) among
all the capillaries (41, 42, 43, 44, 45) belonging to and connected to their manifold
(31, 32, 33, 131) is formed from a linear section of the capillary tube (51).
15. The collector of the heat exchanger of the heat machine according to claim 12, characterised in that a middle section (571) of the capillary tube (51) of the capillaries (541, 542, 543,
544) having the inflow connector (21, 22, 23, 24) situated closer to the distribution
manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) than the inflow connector (25) of capillary (545) situated
farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) and closer to the manifold
(31, 131, 32, 33) than the capillary (545) having a middle section (581) situated
farthest from the distribution manifold (31, 33, 33) 131, 32, 33) and associated with
their distribution manifold (31, 131, 32, 33) has a shape of a spatial helix deviating
more from a straight line than the shape of the capillary tube (51) of the capillary
(545) and a greater number of curvilinear fragments and connected to the inflow connectors
of the section of the heat exchanger located farther from the manifold (31, 131, 32,
33) of the same set (540) of m-capillaries (541, 542, 543, 544, 545) as compared to a position of the inflow connector
(25) of the capillary (545) situated farthest from the manifold (31, 131, 32, 33).
REFERENCES CITED IN THE DESCRIPTION
This list of references cited by the applicant is for the reader's convenience only. It does not form part of the European patent document. Even though great care has been taken in compiling the references, errors or omissions cannot be excluded and the EPO disclaims all liability in this regard.
Patent documents cited in the description