FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a field of breathing device,
and more specially, to a method for controlling a paced breathing device, a paced
breathing device, and a computer program product.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] A slow and regular breathing activity is considered beneficial for relaxation. Paced
breathing may be used to calm down the body and distract the mind from worries. A
paced breathing device may be used to guide a user to perform paced breathing via
touching a surface of the device. The surface of the device may fluctuate up and down
to simulate a breathing pattern. The breathing pattern may include a series of breathing
cycles defined by breathing parameters, and the breathing parameters may be fixed
or change over time. The user can follow this breathing pattern to control his/her
breathing by tactile sensing.
[0003] To control the surface of the paced breathing device up and down with a good sense
of touch, an airbag in the paced breathing device may be controlled to inflate and
deflate. Generally, an actuator, such as an air pump, is used to pump air into the
airbag to inflate the airbag during an inhalation phase of a breathing cycle, and
a valve is opened to release the air so as to deflate the airbag during an exhalation
phase of the breathing cycle. However, the conventional paced breathing device is
not able to provide good breathing experience for users.
SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0004] Currently, the flow rate at which the paced breathing device releases air through
a valve is uncontrollable, and thus the time length of deflation, which represents
the exhalation phase in a breathing cycle, is uncontrollable. During a paced breathing
exercise, the time length of each breathing phase of a user and thus his breathing
pattern changes when his breathing parameter (e.g. a breathing rate, an exhalation-inhalation
ratio, and etc.) changes. Additionally, different users may have different breathing
parameter, and thus breathing patterns. This will cause the undulation of the surface
of the paced breathing device not to be aligned with the user's breath, which will
impact user experience and compliance to follow the exercises.
[0005] In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure propose a method, a device
and computer program for controlling paced breathing.
[0006] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for
controlling a paced breathing device. The method comprises determining a flow rate
for pumping air into an airbag of the paced breathing device in an exhalation phase
of the paced breathing device. The method further comprises pumping, at the determined
flow rate, the air into the airbag in the exhalation phase during which the airbag
releases the air.
[0007] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the paced breathing device pumps
air into the airbag while releasing the air in the exhalation phase. In this way,
the air volume in the airbag is compensated and the exhalation time length of the
exhalation phase can be controlled precisely to be aligned with the user's breathing
pattern. This can improve user experience and compliance during the paced breathing
exercise.
[0008] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the flow rate may include at least one compensation
flow rate, and determining the at least one compensation flow rate may comprise obtaining
an inflation flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag in an inhalation phase
of the paced breathing device, and determining the at least one compensation flow
rate based on the inflation flow rate, a deflation flow rate at which the airbag releases
the air, and breathing parameters. In this way, the paced breathing device can precisely
determine the compensation flow rate to adjust the exhalation time length of the exhalation
phase.
[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the breathing parameters may include breaths
per minute (BPM) for the paced breathing device and user breathing parameters. The
user breathing parameters may include an inhalation hold time length, an exhalation
hold time length and an exhalation-to-inhalation ratio. Determining the at least one
compensation flow rate may comprise determining a time length of a breathing cycle
based on the BPM, and determining an inhalation time length of the inhalation phase
and an exhalation time length of the exhalation phase based on the time length of
the breathing cycle, the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, the inhalation hold time
length and the exhalation hold time length, and determining the at least one compensation
flow rate based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation
time length and the deflation flow rate. In this way, the paced breathing device can
determine the compensation flow rate according to user-specific breathing characteristics
and thus can align the time length of the breathing cycle with the user's breathing
pattern.
[0010] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the exhalation phase may include N stages
over time, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. Determining the at least
one compensation flow rate may further comprise determining a compensation flow rate
for each stage of the N stages respectively. In this way, the paced breathing device
can generate a breathing pattern more similar to a nature breathing waveform of a
user.
[0011] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the method may further comprise dividing
the exhalation phase into the N stages based on user breathing characteristics. In
this way, the paced breathing device can generate user-specific and precise breathing
patterns for users.
[0012] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the user breathing parameters may further
include a first ratio indicating a proportion of a time length of a stage of the
N stages to the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase, and a second ratio
indicating a proportion of volume to be released in the airbag during the stage to
volume to be released in the airbag during the exhalation phase. Determining a compensation
flow rate for each stage of the
N stages respectively may comprise determining a compensation flow rate for each stage
of the
N stages based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation
time length, the deflation flow rate, the first ratio and the second ratio. In this
way, the paced breathing device can determine the compensation flow rate for pumping
into the airbag for each stage of the exhalation phase.
[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the method may further comprise determining
the user breathing parameters based on one or more of: a user interaction with the
paced breathing device, and a predefined setting of the paced breathing device according
to an analysis of historical breathing characteristics of multiple users. In this
way, the paced breathing device can determine the compensation flow rate to generate
a breathing pattern compatible with the user's breath pattern.
[0014] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the method may further comprise adjusting
a duty cycle of Power Width Modulation (PWM) of an actuator of the paced breathing
device to enable the determined flow rate. In this way, the paced breathing device
may easily and conveniently implement the compensation flow rate with the actuator.
[0015] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the method may further comprise pumping,
at the determined flow rate, the air into the airbag whiling releasing the air in
exhalation phases repeatedly. In this way, the paced breathing device may repeatedly
fluctuate up and down to provide a high user experience consistently during each breathing
cycle of the breathing pattern of the paced breathing device.
[0016] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a paced breathing
device. The paced breathing device comprises an airbag, a processor and a memory having
a plurality of instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed by the
processor, cause the device to determine a flow rate for pumping air into the airbag
in an exhalation phase of the paced breathing device. The instructions further cause
the device to pump, at the determined flow rate, the air into the airbag in the exhalation
phase during which the airbag releases the air.
[0017] The embodiments of the second aspect may achieve similar advantages and technical
effect as the first aspect, which are thus omitted for simplicity.
[0018] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the flow rate may include at least one
compensation flow rate. The instructions, when executed, may further cause the device
to obtain an inflation flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag in an inhalation
phase of the paced breathing device, and determine the at least one compensation flow
rate based on the inflation flow rate, a deflation flow rate at which the airbag releases
the air, and breathing parameters.
[0019] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the breathing parameters may include BPM
for the paced breathing device and user breathing parameters. The user breathing parameters
may include an inhalation hold time length, an exhalation hold time length, and an
exhalation-to-inhalation ratio. The instructions, when executed, may further cause
the device to determine a time length of a breathing cycle based on the BPM, determine
an inhalation time length of the inhalation phase and an exhalation time length of
the exhalation phase based on the time length of the breathing cycle, the exhalation-to-inhalation
ratio, the inhalation hold time length and the exhalation hold time length, and determine
the at least one compensation flow rate based on the inhalation time length, the inflation
flow rate, the exhalation time length and the deflation flow rate.
[0020] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the exhalation phase may include
N stages over time, where
N is an integer greater than or equal to 2. The instructions, when executed, may further
cause the device to determine a compensation flow rate for each stage of the
N stages respectively.
[0021] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the instructions, when executed, further
cause the device to divide the exhalation phase into the
N stages based on user breathing characteristics.
[0022] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the user breathing parameters further include
a first ratio indicating a proportion of a time length of a stage of the
N stages to the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase, and a second ratio
indicating a proportion of volume to be released in the airbag during the stage to
volume to be released in the airbag during the exhalation phase. The instructions,
when executed, may further cause the device to determine a compensation flow rate
for each stage of the
N stages based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation
time length, the deflation flow rate, the first ratio and the second ratio.
[0023] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the instructions, when executed, further
cause the device to determine the user breathing parameters based on one or more of
a user interaction with the paced breathing device and a predefined setting of the
paced breathing device according to an analysis of historical breathing characteristics
of multiple users.
[0024] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the instructions, when executed, may further
cause the device to adjust a duty cycle of PWM of an actuator of the paced breathing
device to enable the determined flow rate.
[0025] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the instructions, when executed, may further
cause the device to pump at the determined flow rate, the air into the airbag whiling
releasing the air in exhalation phases repeatedly along with the user's breathing
pattern.
[0026] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the device may be a hugging pillow.
[0027] In a third aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer program
product comprising a computer readable medium. The computer readable medium has computer
readable code embodied therein. The computer readable code is configured such that,
on execution by a computer or processor, the computer or processor is caused to perform
the method of the first aspect.
[0028] It is to be understood that the Summary is not intended to identify key or essential
features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to
limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure
will become easily comprehensible through the description below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0029] The details of one or more embodiments of the present disclosure are set forth in
the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and
advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the description, the drawings,
and the claims, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example paced breathing device in accordance
with an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating an example breathing cycle of the example paced breathing
device of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for controlling a paced breathing
device in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for determining a compensation
flow rate in an exhalation phase in accordance with an example embodiment of the present
disclosure;
Fig. 5A is a graph illustrating an example of the air volume in the airbag during
a breathing cycle at a first BPM;
Fig. 5B is a graph illustrating an example of an air flow rate of pumping in during
the breathing cycle at the first BPM;
Fig. 6A is a graph illustrating another example of the air volume in the airbag during
a breathing cycle at a second BPM;
Fig. 6B is a graph illustrating another example of an air flow rate of pumping in
during the breathing cycle at the second BPM;
Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example process for determining compensation
flow rates for multiple stages of the exhalation phase in accordance with an example
embodiment of the present disclosure;
Fig. 8A is a graph illustrating an example of the air volume in the airbag during
a breathing cycle, the exhalation phase of which has multiple stages; and
Fig. 8B is graph illustrating an example of air flow rates of pumping in during the
breathing cycle, the exhalation phase of which has multiple stages.
[0030] Throughout the figures, same or similar reference numbers will always indicate same
or similar elements.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0031] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some
example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only
for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and
implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope
of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners
other than the ones describe below.
[0032] As used herein, the term "comprise/include" and its variants are to be read as open
terms that mean "comprise/include, but not limited to." The term "based on" is to
be read as "based at least in part on." The term "one embodiment" and "an embodiment"
are to be read as "at least one embodiment." The term "another embodiment" is to be
read as "at least one other embodiment." Moreover, it is to be understood that in
the context of the present disclosure, the terms "first," "second" and the like are
used to indicate individual elements or components, without suggesting any limitation
as to the order of these elements. Further, a first element may or may not be the
same as a second element.
[0033] As mentioned above, to control a surface of a paced breathing device up and down
with a good sense of touch, the paced breathing device pumps air into an airbag in
an inhalation phase of a breathing cycle. When an exhalation phase comes, the paced
breathing device stops pumping, and opens a valve to release the air in the airbag.
Due to the uncontrollable releasing air flow rate via the valve, the exhalation time
length of the exhalation phase cannot be controlled to meet the requirements of various
breathing patterns of different users.
[0034] A method addresses this problem by quickly switching the valve on and off to control
the overall releasing flow rate. However, frequently switching shortens the lifetime
of the valve. Moreover, the paced breathing device is generally used to relax and
help user fall asleep smoothly, but the noises produced by the valve are undesirable,
and thus user experience is degraded. To address these and other potential problems,
embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for controlling the paced
breathing device.
[0035] Reference is now made to Fig. 1 which illustrates an example paced breathing device
100 in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure. The paced
breathing device 100 may be implemented as a tactile breathing device, for example,
a hugging pillow or the like. The surface of the paced breathing device 100 may fluctuate
up and down according to a breathing pattern programmed in the device. The breathing
pattern may include a series of breathing cycles. Each of the breathing cycles is
defined by breathing parameters, and breathing parameters in different breathing cycles
may be the same or different. A user can follow this breathing pattern to control
his/her breathing by tactile sensing while hugging the pillow.
[0036] As shown, the paced breathing device 100 includes an airbag 102, an actuator 104,
a valve 106, and control unit 108, and the control unit 108 may include a processor
109 and a memory 110. It is to be understood that although the control unit 108 is
shown in Fig. 1, the control unit 108 may be omitted from the paced breathing device
100, and the combination of the processor 109 and the memory 110 may perform the control
operations for the paced breathing device 100. The airbag 102 may be made of airtight
and elasticity material such that it inflates when the air volume in the airbag 102
increases and deflates when the air volume decreases. The actuator 104 is coupled,
for example, directly or via a duct, to the airbag 102 and operates to increase the
air volume in the airbag. In some embodiments, the actuator 104 may be an air pump,
for example. The actuator 104 may pump the air flow into the airbag at a time interval
and at a flow rate according to control signals transmitted from the control unit
108.
[0037] The valve 106 is coupled, for example, directly or via a duct, to the airbag 102
and operates to decrease the air volume in the airbag 102 by releasing the air. For
example, the valve 106 may be an electromagnetic valve which can be open and closed
according to control signals transmitted from the control unit 108.
[0038] With the valve 106 being closed and the actuator 104 pumping air into the airbag
102, the air volume in the airbag 102 increases and the surface of the paced breathing
device 100 fluctuates up. With the valve 106 being open, the air volume in the airbag
102 decreases and the surface of the paced breathing device 100 fluctuates down. In
other words, the control unit 108 controls the valve 106 and actuator 104 to enable
the undulation of the surface of the paced breathing device 100.
[0039] In some embodiments, the control unit 108 may control the paced breathing device
100 according to breathing patterns (not shown) programmed in the memory 110. The
breathing patterns are indicative of how the paced breathing device 100 guides the
user to breathe, for example, when to exhale and when to inhale. The breathing pattern
may be defined by various breathing parameters, for example breathes per minute (BPM)
and user breathing parameters. The breathing parameters will be described in detail
with reference to Fig. 2. The control unit 108 may transmit corresponding control
signals to the actuator 104 and the valve 106 to enable desired breathing parameters,
and thus enable compatibility between the breathing patterns of the user and the device.
[0040] Although the example paced breathing device 100 is shown and described with reference
to Fig. 1, it is to be understood and appreciated that the paced breathing device
is not limited by the above description with reference to Fig. 1. It is to be understood
and appreciated that the paced breathing device according to the disclosure may comprise
additional components that are not shown, and some of the components in Fig. 1 may
be omitted. For example, the paced breathing device may further include various sensors
to detect user breathing parameters to simulate user-specific breathing patterns and
to improve user experience. The paced breathing device may further include input/output
interfaces for users to operate. For example, a user may input his individual breathing
parameters via the input interface to the paced breathing device.
[0041] Fig. 2 is a graph illustrating an example breathing cycle 200 of the example paced
breathing device 100 of Fig. 1. The horizontal axis represents a time of the breathing
cycle, and the vertical axis represents the volume of air in the airbag 102. As shown
in Fig. 2, the breathing rate is 6 BPM, and the time length of the breathing cycle
200 is 10 seconds. In some embodiments, the BPM may be associated with a breathing
pattern stored in the paced breathing device 100. Alternatively, the time length of
the breathing cycle of the breathing pattern may be stored in the device instead of
the BPM. In some embodiments, a user may select a suitable BPM for the paced breathing
device 100 when performing his/her paced breathing exercise.
[0042] As shown, the breathing cycle 200 includes a plurality of breathing phases. The example
breathing cycle 200 starts with an inhalation phase 202, followed by an inhalation
hold phase 204, then an exhalation phase 206, and ends with an exhalation hold phase
208.
[0043] In this instance, the inhalation phase 202 lasts approximately 4 seconds for example.
In the inhalation phase 202, by pumping air into the airbag 102 with the valve 106
closed, the airbag 102 inflates and the air volume in the airbag 102 increases from
0 ml to for example 160 ml. In the inhalation phase 202, the corresponding inflation
flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag 102 is approximately 40 ml/second. In
some embodiments, the inflation flow rate may be fixed for different breathing cycles.
In this case, the total volume of air that is pumped into the airbag 102 depends on
the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase 202. Alternatively, the inflation
flow rate may vary for different breathing cycles. For example, with a fixed total
volume, the paced breathing device 100 may increase the inflation flow rate for shorter
inhalation phase and decrease the inflation flow rate for longer inhalation phase.
In both cases, the total volume shall not be larger than the maximum volume allowed
by the airbag 102 which may depend on the size and material of the airbag 102.
[0044] Then, in the inhalation hold phase 204, the paced breathing device 100 stops pumping
the air while keeping the valve 106 closed. The air volume in the airbag 102 does
not change over time in this phase, and thus the surface of the paced breathing device
100 is kept at a higher position. As shown in Fig.2, the inhalation hold phase 204
lasts approximately 1 second.
[0045] Next, in the exhalation phase 206, the valve 106 of the paced breathing device 100
is open under the control of the control unit 108 to deflate the airbag 102. In this
phase, the actuator 104 does not operate, and the air runs out of the airbag 102 at
a fixed flow rate via the valve 106. As used herein, the flow rate that the valve
106 releases the air is also referred as deflation flow rate. The exhalation time
length of the exhalation phase 206 depends on the total volume in the airbag 102 and
the fixed deflation flow rate, for example, 120 ml/second. In some embodiments, the
exhalation time length of the exhalation phase 206 can be adjusted by compensation
for the air in the airbag 102. This will be described in detail with reference to
Figs. 3 to 8B.
[0046] At the end of breathing cycle 200, the exhalation hold phase 208 lasts approximately
4 seconds. In this phase, the airbag 102 is empty, and the valve 106 is closed.
[0047] While the example breathing cycle 200 is shown and described with reference to Fig.
2, it is to be understood and appreciated that the paced breathing cycle is not limited
by the above description. It is to be understood and appreciated that the breathing
cycle of the paced breathing device may have various phases and time lengths of the
phases. For example, the breathing cycle may exclude one or more of the inhalation
hold phase and exhalation hold phase. In addition, the time length of each phase and
the time length of the breathing cycle as shown in Fig. 2 are not intended to limit
the embodiments of the disclosure.
[0048] Fig. 3 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 300 for controlling a paced
breathing device in accordance with an example embodiment of the present disclosure.
While the methodologies are shown and described as being a series of acts that are
performed in a sequence, it is to be understood and appreciated that the methodologies
are not limited by the order of the sequence. For example, some acts can occur in
a different order than what is described herein. In addition, an act can occur concurrently
with another act. Further, in some instances, not all acts may be required to implement
a methodology described herein.
[0049] Moreover, the acts described herein may be computer-executable instructions that
can be implemented by one or more processors and/or stored on a computer-readable
medium or media. The computer-executable instructions may include a routine, a sub-routine,
programs, a thread of execution, and/or the like. Still further, results of acts of
the methodologies may be stored in a computer-readable medium, displayed on a display
device, and/or the like. In one embodiment, the process 300 may be implemented by
the paced breathing device 100, in particular, by the processor 109 as shown in Fig.
1. For understanding of embodiments of the disclosure, Fig. 3 is described with reference
to Figs. 1 and 2.
[0050] The paced breathing device 100 may output a suitable breathing pattern in a pre-defined
time to guide the user to follow. The breathing pattern may include a series of breathing
cycles defined by breathing parameters, for example, a breathing rate. The breathing
rate may be a fixed value like 6 breaths per minute (BPM). Alternatively, the breathing
rate may be a gradually slowing down breathing rate for example from 12 BPM to 6 BPM,
which are in range of normal breathing rates, and then may be kept at 6 BPM until
the paced breathing program stops.
[0051] As noted above, the paced breathing device 100 pumps air into the airbag in the inhalation
phase of a breathing cycle, and releases the air in the airbag in the exhalation phase.
In some embodiments of the disclosure, the paced breathing device 100 can control
the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase by pumping air in the exhalation
phase to compensate the air that is uncontrollably and quickly released via the valve
106.
[0052] At block 310, the paced breathing device 100 determines a flow rate for pumping air
into an airbag 102 of the paced breathing device 100 in an exhalation phase of the
paced breathing device 100. As used herein, the flow rate for pumping air in the exhalation
phase may be referred as a compensation flow rate.
[0053] In some embodiments, the compensation flow rate may be calculated from the following
equation:

where
Fr_compensation denotes the compensation flow rate during the exhalation phase,
Fr_deflation denotes the deflation flow rate at which the airbag releases the air during the exhalation
phase,
T_inhalation denotes the inflation time length of the inflation phase,
Fr_inhalation denotes the inflation flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag during the inhalation
phase, and
T_exhalation denotes the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase. In equation (1),
Fr_deflation and
Fr_inhalation may be predefined, and
T_inhalation and
T_exhalation may be calculated by the paced breathing device 100 according to the BPM and user
breathing parameters. Examples of the calculation will be described below with reference
to Fig. 4. With equation (1), the paced breathing device 100 may calculate the compensation
flow rate by performing a process illustrated in Fig. 4.
[0054] At block 320, the paced breathing device 100 pumps, at the determined flow rate,
the air into the airbag 102 in the exhalation phase during which the airbag releases
the air. For example, in the exhalation phase, the airbag 102 releases the air via
the valve, and the air is simultaneously pumped into the airbag at the determined
flow rate. In some embodiments, the paced breathing device 100 may adjust a duty cycle
of Power Width Modulation (PWM) of the actuator 104 of the paced breathing device
100 to enable the determined flow rate. For instance, if the inflation flow rate during
the inhalation phase is 40 ml/second and the corresponding duty cycle is 0.1, then
for a required compensation flow rate of 60 ml/second during the exhalation phase,
the duty cycle may be adjusted to 0.15. The period of each cycle (frequency of the
PWM signal) also can be controlled together with the duty cycle depending on the requirements
for a certain actuator.
[0055] The paced breathing device 100 may repeatedly pumps the air into the airbag at the
determined flow rate whiling releasing the air in the exhalation phases, so as to
cause undulation of the paced breathing device 100 repeatedly and compatible with
the user's breathing pattern. In some embodiments, the compensation flow rate may
be calculated for each breathing cycle, repeatedly. Alternatively, the compensation
flow rate may be calculated if the BPM changes in the next breathing cycle. In some
embodiments, when the user feels difficult to follow the paced breathing exercise,
the compensation flow rate may be adjusted according to a user input of his/her user
breathing parameters.
[0056] Fig. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 400 for determining a compensation
flow rate in an exhalation phase in accordance with an example embodiment of the present
disclosure. The process 400 is an example implementation of block 310 in Fig. 3.
[0057] At block 410, the paced breathing device 100 obtains an inflation flow rate for pumping
the air into the airbag in an inhalation phase of the paced breathing device. The
inflation flow rate may be fixed and programmed in the control unit 108, or may be
determined on the fly based on the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase.
[0058] At block 420, the paced breathing device 100 determines the compensation flow rate
based on the inflation flow rate, a deflation flow rate at which the airbag releases
the air, and breathing parameters. The breathing parameters may indicate time information
of each phase of the breathing cycle.
[0059] The breathing parameters may include the BPM and user breathing parameters. The user
breathing parameters may include an exhalation-to-inhalation ratio which indicates
a proportion of a time length of the exhalation phase to a time length of the inhalation
phase. Alternatively, the user parameters may include an inhalation-exhalation ratio
which is reciprocal of the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio. In case of the breathing
cycle including hold phases, the user breathing parameters may further include an
inhalation hold time length and an exhalation hold time length. In this case, the
exhalation-to-inhalation ratio may indicate a ratio of the exhalation time length
of the exhalation phase plus the exhalation hold time length of the exhalation hold
phase to the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase plus the inhalation hold
time length of the inhalation hold phase. It is to be understood that inhalation hold
time length of value 0 implies that the inhalation hold phase does not exist and exhalation
hold time length of value 0 implies that the exhalation hold phase does not exist.
[0060] In some embodiments, the user breathing parameters may be determined based on user
interactions with the paced breathing device 100. For example, the user may input
his/her breathing parameters to the paced breathing device 100 prior to using the
paced breathing device 100. As another example, the paced breathing device 100 may
collect the user's breathing data through one or more sensors to obtain the user breathing
parameters. The breathing data may include various physiological and behavior data
when the user performs the paced breathing exercise and/or the user breathes in his
daily life. In some embodiments, the user's breathing parameters may also be determined
based on predefined settings of the paced breathing device, which may had been derived
according to an analysis of historical breathing data of multiple users.
[0061] Referring to Fig. 4, to determine the compensation flow rate, at block 422, the paced
breathing device 100 may determine a time length of a breathing cycle based on the
BPM. For example, the time length of a breathing cycle may be calculated from the
following equation:

where
T_breath_
cycle denotes a time length of a breathing cycle, and
Br_paced_breathing_breath_rate denotes the BPM.
[0062] At block 424, the paced breathing device 100 may determine an inhalation time length
of the inhalation phase and an exhalation time length of the exhalation phase based
on the time length of the breathing cycle, the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, the
inhalation hold time length and the exhalation hold time length.
[0063] As an example, the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase may be calculated
from the following equation:
where T_inhalation denotes the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase, T_breath_cycle denotes the time length of the breathing cycle, R_exhalation_to_inhalatio denotes the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, and T_inhalation_hold denotes the inhalation hold time length. Further, the exhalation time length of the
exhalation phase may be calculated from the follow equation:

where T exhalation denotes the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase, T_breath_cycle denotes the time length of the breathing cycle, T inhalation -hold denotes the inhalation hold time length, and T_exhalation_hold denotes the exhalation hold time length.
[0064] Alternatively, the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase may be determined
first, and the inhalation time length of the inhalation phase may be determined according
to the determined time length of the exhalation phase.
[0065] At block 426, the paced breathing device 100 determines the compensation flow rate
based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation time
length and the deflation flow rate. In some embodiments, the paced breathing device
100 may use equation (1) to calculate the compensation flow rate.
[0066] According to embodiments of the disclosure, the exhalation time length of exhalation
phase can be controlled precisely hence to be aligned with the user's breathing pattern.
This can improve user experience and compliance during the paced breathing exercise.
[0067] Fig. 5A is a graph illustrating an example of air volume in the airbag during a breathing
cycle at a first BPM, and Fig. 5B is a graph illustrating an example of an air flow
rate of pumping in during a breathing cycle at the first BPM.
[0068] The example in Fig. 5A has a breathing rate of 6 BPM, inflation flow rate of 40 ml/second,
deflation flow rate of 120 ml/second. In Fig. 5A, the solid line 501 represents the
air volume in the airbag over time where the electromagnetic valve opens only during
the exhalation phase. Without compensation of the air pump, the air volume in the
airbag decreases quickly in the exhalation phase and arrives at the bottom in about
1.3 second.
[0069] Given a paced breathing cycle with a ratio of an exhalation phase time length (exhalation
time length + exhalation hold time length) to an inhalation phase time length (inhalation
time length + inhalation hold time length) equal to 1, an inhalation hold time length
of 1 second and an exhalation hold time length of 1 second, then the compensation
flow rate is calculated to be equal to about 80 ml/second. The dash-dotted line 502
represents air volume in the airbag in the exhalation phase of the given breathing
cycle. By pumping air into the airbag, the exhalation time length of the exhalation
phase is under control and extended to 4 seconds.
[0070] In Fig. 5B, the solid line 503 represents the air flow rate of pumping overtime where
the electromagnetic valve opens only during the exhalation phase. In the inhalation
phase, the air is pumped into the airbag at the flow rate of 40 ml/second, and in
the exhalation phase, there is no air being pumped in. The dash-dotted line 504 represents
the air flow rate of pumping where the electromagnetic valve opens with a fixed flow
rate of air pumping in during exhalation phase. The paced breathing device pumps the
air at 80 ml/second as compensation and extends the exhalation time length of the
exhalation phase.
[0071] Fig. 6A is a graph illustrating another example of air volume in the airbag during
a breathing cycle at a second BPM, and Fig. 6B is a graph illustrating an example
of an air flow rate of pumping in during a breathing cycle at the second BPM.
[0072] The example in Fig. 6A has a breathing rate of 10 BPM, an inflation flow rate of
60 ml/second, a deflation flow rate of 120 ml/second. In Fig. 6A, the solid line 601
represents the air volume in the airbag over time where the electromagnetic valve
opens only during the exhalation phase. Without compensation, the air volume in the
airbag decreases quickly in the exhalation phase and arrives at the bottom in about
1 second.
[0073] Given another paced breathing cycle with a ratio of an exhalation phase time length
(exhalation time length + exhalation hold time length) to an inhalation phase time
length (inhalation time length + inhalation hold time length) equal to 1, an inhalation
hold time length of 1 second and an exhalation hold time length of 1 second, then
the compensation flow rate is calculated to be equal to about 60 ml/second. The dash-dotted
line 602 represents the air volume in the airbag in the exhalation phase of the given
breathing cycle. By pumping the air into the airbag, the exhalation time length of
the exhalation phase is under control and extended from 1 second to 2 seconds.
[0074] In Fig. 6B, the solid line 603 represents the air flow rate of pumping overtime where
the electromagnetic valve opens only during the exhalation phase. In the inhalation
phase, the air is pumped into the airbag at the flow rate of 60 ml/second, and in
the exhalation phase, there is no air being pumped in. The dash-dotted line 604 represents
the air flow rate of pumping where the electromagnetic valve opens with a fixed flow
rate of air pumping in during the exhalation phase. The paced breathing device pumps
the air at 60 ml/second as compensation and extends the exhalation time length of
the exhalation phase.
[0075] It is to be understood that the numbers used in examples described with reference
to Figs. 5A, 5B, 6A, and 6B are just for instance without limiting the disclosure.
[0076] In the embodiments described with reference to Fig. 3 to Fig. 6B, the paced breathing
device pumps air at a fixed flow rate over the whole exhalation phase. Considering
that the nature breathing waveform of expiration of human being may be a non-linear
curve that the beginning phase of air flow rate of expiration is larger than the rest
phases, embodiments of the disclosure further control the airbag surface deflating
down to simulate this breathing waveform. In some embodiments, the exhalation phase
may be divided into multiple stages, and compensation flow rate may be calculated
for each stage.
[0077] Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an example process 700 for determining compensation
flow rates for multiple stages of the exhalation phase in accordance with an example
embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0078] At block 710, the paced breathing device divides the exhalation phase into N stages
based on user breathing characteristics, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal
to 2. The user breathing characteristics may be obtained by sensing breathing data
of the current user. Alternatively, a user can actively input the breathing data into
the paced breathing devices. In some embodiments, the user breathing characteristics
may be obtained by collecting breathing data of multiple users and may be preconfigured
in the paced breathing device. From the user breathing characteristics, a nature breathing
waveform may be plotted as a nonlinear curve. By a curve-fitting method, multiple
stages may be calculated to approximate the nonlinear curve, and time information
about stages may be used to divide the exhalation phase into multiple stages.
[0079] At block 720, the paced breathing device 100 determines a first ratio and a second
ratio for each stage. The first ratio indicates a proportion of a time length of a
stage of the N stages to the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase. The second
ratio indicates a proportion of volume to be released in the airbag during the stage
to volume to be released in the airbag during the exhalation phase. In other words,
the first ratio measures the relative time length that one stage occupies the exhalation
phase, and the second ratio measures a relative volume of air to be released during
the stage compared with the total air volume to be released in the exhalation phase.
The first ratio and the second ratio may be in range of 0-1, inclusive. A sum of the
first ratios for all stages respectively is equal to 1. A sum of the second ratios
for all stages respectively is equal to 1. The first ratio and the second ratio in
each stage is determined based on the user breathing characteristics so as to facilitate
the alignment between the breathing patterns of the paced breathing device and the
user. It is to be understood that the acts at block 710 and block 720 can occur simultaneously
or in a different order than what is described herein. Based on the multiple stages
and the calculated ratios for each stage, the paced breathing device may generate
a breathing cycle, which is compatible with a nature breathing waveform of a user,
and thus generate a breathing pattern that is more precisely aligned with user's breathing
pattern. Thereby, the user feels more comfortable in the paced breathing exercise.
[0080] At block 730, the paced breathing device 100 determines a compensation flow rate
for each stage based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation
time length, the deflation flow rate, the first ratio and the second ratio. The compensation
flow rate for the i-th stage may be calculated from the equation as below:

where
Fr_compensation_i denotes the compensation flow rate for the i-th stage of the
N stages,
Fr_deflation denotes the deflation flow rate at which the airbag releases the air during the exhalation
phase,
T_inhalation denotes the inflation time length of the inflation phase,
Fr_inhalation denotes the inflation flow rate, and
T exhalation denotes the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase,
ratiol_i denotes the first ratio for the i-th stage, and
ratio2_
i denotes the second ratio for the i-th stage. Here,
Fr_deflation, Fr_inhalation, T_inhalation, and
T_exhalation may be calculated according to the embodiments described with reference to Figs.
3 and 4.
[0081] Fig. 8A is a graph illustrating an example of the air volume in the airbag during
a breathing cycle, the exhalation stage of which has multiple stages. Fig. 8B is graph
illustrating an example of air flow rates of pumping in during the breathing cycle,
the exhalation stage of which has multiple stages. Although the exhalation phase in
Figs. 8A and 8B comprises three stages, it is to be understood that the exhalation
phase may comprise any number of stages that are matched with the user's breathing
pattern for better user experience.
[0082] The example in Fig. 8A has a breathing rate of 6 BPM, an inflation flow rate of 40
ml/second, deflation flow rate of 120 ml/second. The paced breathing cycle in Fig.
8A has an exhalation phase time length (exhalation time length + exhalation hold time
length) to inhalation phase time length (inhalation time length + inhalation hold
time length) ratio of 1, an inhalation hold time length of 1 second and an exhalation
hold time length of 1 second, as in Figs. 5A and 5B.
[0083] In Fig. 8A, the solid line 801 represents the air volume in the airbag over time
where the electromagnetic valve opens without compensation during the exhalation phase.
Similar to Fig. 5A, the solid line indicates that the air volume in the airbag decreases
quickly and arrives at the bottom in about 1.3 second. The dash-dotted line 802 represents
the air volume where the electromagnetic valve opens with a fixed flow rate of air
being pumped in during the exhalation phase. Similar to Fig. 5A, the dash-dotted line
indicates that, by way of the fixed compensation flow rate, the exhalation time length
of the exhalation phase is extended from 1.3 second to 4 seconds.
[0084] The dashed lines 803-1, 803-2, and 803-3 represent the air volume over time where
the electromagnetic valve opens and the air is pumped in at different flow rates for
three stages of the exhalation phase. As an example, the ratios for the stages 1 to
3 are as below:
Stage 1: ratio1_1 = 0.2, ratio1_2 = 0.5;
Stage 2: ratio1_2 = 0.3, ratio2_2 = 0.25;
Stage 3: ratio1_3 = 0.5, ratio2_3 = 0.25;
[0085] That is, the time length of Stage 1 is 20% of the exhalation time length, the volume
to be released for Stage 1 is 50% of the total air volume to be released; the time
length of Stage 2 is 30% of exhalation time length, the volume decreases for Stage
803-2 is 25% of the total air volume to be released; and the time length of Stage
3 is 50% of exhalation time length, the volume decreases for Stage 3 is 25% of the
total air volume to be released.
[0086] Fig. 8B shows different compensation flow rates for different stages as compared
with the fixed compensation flow rate. The solid line 804 represents the air flow
rate of pumping in where the electromagnetic valve opens without compensation during
the exhalation phase. The dash-dotted line 805 represents the air flow rate of pumping
in where the electromagnetic valve opens with a fixed flow rate of 80 ml/second during
the exhalation phase. The solid and dash-dashed lines are the same as Fig. 5B. The
dashed lines 806-1, 806-2, and 806-3 represent different compensation flow rates for
three stages of the exhalation phase. According to the equation (5), the compensation
flow rate for Stage 1 is 20 ml/second, the compensation flow rate 806-2 for Stage
2 is 86.67 ml/second, and the compensation flow rate 806-3 for Stage 3 is 100 ml/s.
[0087] In some embodiments, the compensation flow rates for the multiple stages may be determined
to be in an increasing order over time, such that the airbag deflates quickly at the
beginning of the exhalation phase and then slows down gradually. Such deflation is
aligned with the nature breathing waveform of expiration of human. In some embodiments,
the air pump does not pump air in the starting stage to maximize the deflation rate
of the airbag, for example, when the BPM is high. In some embodiments, some of the
compensation flow rates may be equal. For example, when the exhalation phase comprises
three stages, the second stage and the third stage may have the same compensation
flow rate. In addition, depending on individual breathing characteristics, the compensation
flow rates may be determined to be in a decreasing order.
[0088] For the purpose of illustrating spirit and principle of the present disclosure, some
specific embodiments thereof have been described above. In general, the various example
embodiments may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software,
logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while
other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by
a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of the
example embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block
diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated
that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be
implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose
circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices,
or some combination thereof.
[0089] In the context of the present disclosure, a machine readable medium may be any tangible
medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction
execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine
readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium
may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic,
infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination
of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would
include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette,
a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable
read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc
read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or
any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0090] Computer program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written
in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer program codes
may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer,
or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when
executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus,
cause the functions or operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams
to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a computer, partly on
the computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the computer and partly
on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server.
[0091] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be
understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order
shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to
achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing
may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained
in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope
of any disclosure or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features
that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular disclosures. Certain
features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments
can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various
features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented
in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0092] Various modifications, adaptations to the foregoing example embodiments of this disclosure
may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing
description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Any and all
modifications will still fall within the scope of the non-limiting and example embodiments
of this disclosure. Furthermore, other embodiments of the disclosures set forth herein
will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which these embodiments of the disclosure
pertain having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions
and the drawings.
[0093] Therefore, it will be appreciated that the embodiments of the disclosure are not
to be limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other
embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. Although
specific terms are used herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only
and not for purposes of limitation.
1. A method (300) for controlling a paced breathing device (100), comprising:
determining (310) a flow rate for pumping air into an airbag (102) of the paced breathing
device (100) in an exhalation phase (206) of the paced breathing device (100); and
pumping (320), at the determined flow rate, the air into the airbag (102) in the exhalation
phase (206) during which the airbag (102) releases the air.
2. The method (300) of claim 1, wherein the flow rate includes at least one compensation
flow rate, and determining (310) the at least one compensation flow rate comprises:
obtaining (410) an inflation flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag (102) in
an inhalation phase (202) of the paced breathing device (100); and
determining (420) the at least one compensation flow rate based on the inflation flow
rate, a deflation flow rate at which the airbag (102) releases the air in the exhalation
phase, and breathing parameters.
3. The method (300) of claim 2, wherein the breathing parameters include breaths per
minute (BPM) for the paced breathing device and user breathing parameters, and the
user breathing parameters include an inhalation hold time length, an exhalation hold
time length and an exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, and determining (420) the at least
one compensation flow rate comprises:
determining (422) a time length of a breathing cycle (200) based on the BPM;
determining (424) an inhalation time length of the inhalation phase (202) and an exhalation
time length of the exhalation phase (206) based on the time length of the breathing
cycle (200), the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, the inhalation hold time length and
the exhalation hold time length; and
determining (426) the at least one compensation flow rate based on the inhalation
time length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation time length and the deflation
flow rate.
4. The method (300) of claim 3, wherein the exhalation phase includes N stages (803-1,
803-2, 803-3) over time, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and determining
the at least one compensation flow rate further comprises:
determining a compensation flow rate for each stage of the N stages (803-1, 803-2,
803-3) respectively.
5. The method (300) of claim 4, further comprising:
dividing (710) the exhalation phase (206) into the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) based on user breathing characteristics.
6. The method (300) of claim 4, wherein the user breathing parameters further include
a first ratio indicating a proportion of a time length of a stage of the N stages
(803-1, 803-2, 803-3) to the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase (206),
and a second ratio indicating a proportion of volume to be released in the airbag
during the stage to volume to be released in the airbag during the exhalation phase
(206), and determining a compensation flow rate for each stage of the N stages (803-1,
803-2, 803-3) respectively comprises:
determining (730) a compensation flow rate (806-1, 806-2, 806-3) for each stage of
the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow
rate, the exhalation time length, the deflation flow rate, the first ratio and the
second ratio.
7. The method (300) of any of claims 3-6, further comprising:
determining the user breathing parameters based on one or more of:
a user interaction with the paced breathing device (100), and
a predefined setting of the paced breathing device (100) according to an analysis
of historical breathing characteristics of multiple users.
8. The method (300) of claim 1, further comprising:
adjusting a duty cycle of Power Width Modulation (PWM) of an actuator (104) of the
paced breathing device (100) to enable the determined flow rate.
9. A paced breathing device (100), comprising:
an airbag (102);
a processor (109); and
a memory (110) having a plurality of instructions stored thereon, when executed by
the processor, cause the device (100) to:
determine (310) a flow rate for pumping air into the airbag (102) in an exhalation
phase (206) of the paced breathing device (100); and
pump (320), at the determined flow rate, the air into the airbag (102) in the exhalation
phase (206) during which the airbag (102) releases the air.
10. The device (100) of claim 9, wherein the flow rate includes at least one compensation
flow rate, and the instructions, when executed, further cause the device (100) to:
obtain (410) an inflation flow rate for pumping the air into the airbag (102) in an
inhalation phase (202) of the paced breathing device (100); and
determine (420) the at least one compensation flow rate based on the inflation flow
rate, a deflation flow rate at which the airbag (102) releases the air in the exhalation
phase, and breathing parameters.
11. The device (100) of claim 10, wherein the breathing parameters include breaths per
minute (BPM) for the paced breathing device and user breathing parameters, and the
user breathing parameters include an inhalation hold time length, an exhalation hold
time length, and an exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, and the instructions, when executed,
further cause the device(100) to:
determine (422) a time length of a breathing cycle (200) based on the BPM;
determine (424) an inhalation time length of the inhalation phase (202) and an exhalation
time length of the exhalation phase (206) based on the time length of the breathing
cycle (200), the exhalation-to-inhalation ratio, the inhalation hold time length and
the exhalation hold time length; and
determine (426) the at least one compensation flow rate based on the inhalation time
length, the inflation flow rate, the exhalation time length and the deflation flow
rate.
12. The device (100) of claim 11, wherein the exhalation phase includes N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) over time, where N is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the instructions, when executed, further
cause the device (100) to:
determine a compensation flow rate for each stage of the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) respectively.
13. The device (100) of claim 12, wherein the instructions, when executed, further cause
the device (100) to:
divide (710) the exhalation phase (206) into the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) based on user breathing characteristics.
14. The device (100) of claim 12, wherein the user breathing parameters further include
a first ratio indicating a proportion of a time length of a stage of the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) to the exhalation time length of the exhalation phase
(206), and a second ratio indicating a proportion of volume to be released in the
airbag during the stage to volume to be released in the airbag during the exhalation
phase (206), and the instructions, when executed, further cause the device (100) to:
determine (730) a compensation flow rate for each stage of the N stages (803-1, 803-2, 803-3) based on the inhalation time length, the inflation flow
rate, the exhalation time length, the deflation flow rate, the first ratio and the
second ratio.
15. A computer program product comprising a computer readable medium, the computer readable
medium having computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code
being configured such that, on execution by a computer or processor, the computer
or processor is caused to perform the method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to
8.