Field of the invention
[0001] The invention relates to a building construction with a wall that comprises a sandwich
panel comprising metal plates connected by fiber material. Furthermore, the invention
relates to a method of fireproofing building constructions with sandwich walls.
Background
[0002] It is known to use sandwich panels comprising pair of steel plates and stone wool
between the plates in a wall of a building. The stone wool is glued to the metal plates.
Such panel makes it possible to realize a high stiffness against bending. Even a sandwich
with relatively thin steel panels of less than one millimeter thickness can thus be
made stiffer than a wall made of a much thicker single solid steel panel. The metal
plates alone provide for a capability of bearing the weight of objects on the wall,
and the sandwich increases this ability. For example, a sandwich panel with steel
plates may be capable of bearing objects of thirty kilograms or more. A wall in a
building can be construed by mounting one or more of such sandwich panels hanging
from a beam, bolted to the beam with bolts through the panel. Subject to certain conditions
such sandwich panel walls can also be used to satisfy fire safety requirements for
buildings. Fire safety of a building may require that a wall shields off fire at least
for a certain minimum time interval when exposed to temperatures of nine hundred up
to eleven hundred degrees Celsius due to the fire. When the wall is formed by a sandwich
panel comprising stone wool glued between a pair of steel plates, the glue will soon
lose its function at such a temperature, so that the stiffness against bending is
lost. But the steel plates will still remain intact at such temperatures, ensuring
fire shielding. However, dependent on the weight of objects that the sandwich panel
is allowed to carry, the steel plates of the sandwich panel wall may need to have
a minimum thickness to satisfy fire safety requirements. Otherwise, the weight will
drag down the panel in the case of a fire, destroying its shielding function.
[0003] EP 0387934 describes a coupling between edges of sandwich panels that each comprise a layer
of insulation material covered on both sides with a metal plate. The coupling is designed
to stimulate interior ventilation and vapor transport in the space bounded by the
plates.
[0004] Screws are used to couple edges of the panels to each other and to hang the panels
on a building construction. At the edges of connected panels the metal plates are
bent inward. The screws that are used to couple the edges of the panels fix a bracket
that connects the bent portions. The heads of the screws are located in a depression
formed by the bent portions. A protective cover with a U shaped cross-section is pushed
into the depression to cover the heads of the screws. The cover extends along the
length of the connection between the panels and primarily serves to hide the depression
from view.
[0005] The screws that serve as coupling elements to the building construction protrude
outside the metal plates are along located above the brackets. These screws are of
a relative great length, such that they protrude with the end away from the head outside
the panel. As this sandwich panel hangs only from screws at the edges, it can carry
only limited weight, and the weight carrying capacity can decrease due to heating
of the screws, e.g. by hot air that rises through the depression.. When a fire arises
next to the wall the construction of provides only limited protection against failure
of the wall.
[0006] EP0595777 discloses an anti-fire panel with parallel metal plates opposite to each other. A
self-extinguishing poly-urethane foam layer is provided in a space between the parallel
metal plates, with mineral insulating material layers between the foam layer and the
two parallel metal plates respectively. The mineral insulating material layers improve
thermal resistance, by preventing the self-extinguishing foam material from being
heated for a long time, thereby increasing the fire or flame resistance of the panel
construction.
[0007] EP0595777 further discloses a joint element between the edges of adjacent panels. Like the
panels, the joint element contains a foam layer between mineral insulating material
layers. Central bodies are provided on the mineral insulating material layers, with
legs extending over the parallel metal plates of the joined panels. Tie rods clamp
the central bodies and the legs to the joined panels. Snap covering elements with
mineral insulating material layers snap into a loop formed by the central body to
form a thermal barrier at the snap covering.
[0008] WO 2015/188229 A1 discloses a building comprising a structural frame of the building, at least one
window or door supported by and substantially aligned to the frame, and an external
wall formed by at least one insulated sandwich panel, the panel(2) in the external
wall being supported by the frame and being offset externally from the frame, wherein
the frame is exposed in at least part of the interior of the finished building and
wherein at least part of the internal wiring of the building traverses the interior
of the building on and/or in the frame.
[0009] US 2 693 256 discloses a panel unit comprising two confronting identical half sections, each half
section comprising a facing sheet having one side edge thereof turned inwardly to
form a tongue and the other side edge turned inwardly and reversely bent to form a
groove, the half sections being disposed with the tongue of one half section adjacent
the groove of the other half section and at the same side edge of the unit. The panel
unit further comprises identical metal tie pieces of angular shape mounted on the
inner face of each of said half sections, each tie piece having one leg disposed parallel
to its associated sheet and being welded thereto and having a second leg disposed
at right angles to its associated sheet, the second leg of each tie piece being provided
at one with a cut-out portion adjacent the grooved side edge of its associated sheet
and extending therebeyond and the other end of the second leg of each tie piece terminating
short of the tongue end of its associated sheet, the second leg of each tie piece
being provided at its opposite ends with a web portion extending parallel to its associated
sheet, the web portions of the tie pieces abutting each other. The panel unit also
comprises means extending through the abutting web portions and securing the half
sections together.
Summary
[0010] It is an object of the invention to provide for a building construction with a wall
that comprises a sandwich panel that is able to shield off fire for a longer time
with metal plates of less thickness when loaded with weight. According to the invention
a building construction according to claim 1 is provided. Here, a heat isolation layer
is provided on at least one side of the sandwich panel, over fasteners from which
the sandwich panel hangs from the beam, and over an area of the panel surrounding
the fasteners on that side of the panel. The fasteners may be bolts, screws, rivets
etc. The earliest failure of the steel plates of the sandwich panel at nine hundred
degrees Celsius is at the fasteners, because of the development of cracks in the steel
plate upward from the position of the fasteners at high temperature. By using the
heat isolation layer over the fasteners and their surrounding, heating of the metal
plate of the sandwich panel at the location of the fasteners is delayed, thereby the
development of the cracks. In this way, the time interval before the wall will fail
can be increased without increasing the thickness of the steel panel, even when the
sandwich panel wall bears considerable weight. The heat isolation layer need only
be present on the sandwich wall panel at the level of the fasteners and a part of
an area of the sandwich panel surrounding that level, e.g. only down to twenty to
two hundred mm below the level of the fasteners, and preferably at least fifty mm.
Preferably, the heat isolation layer is provided over the whole width of the sandwich
panel, but alternatively it may be provided in isolated patches over individual fasteners
or groups of fasteners.
[0011] The plurality of fasteners from which a sandwich panel hangs are preferably arranged
in a row, wherein the fasteners are located at substantially equal distances from
the top of the sandwich panel. A row of more than two fasteners may be used per sandwich
panel, preferably with substantially equal distances between the fasteners of the
same sandwich panel.
[0012] The fasteners extend through the sandwich panel. Preferably each of these fasteners
serves to hang one sandwich panel only, together with one or more other fasteners
that serve to hang that sandwich panel.
[0013] The heat isolation layer may be made of ceramic wool for example. In an embodiment,
heat isolation layers may be provided over the fastener and the areas of the panel
surrounding the fastener on both sides of the sandwich panel. This prolongs shielding
of fires from both sides of the wall. But if there is a need to shield fires only
from one side of the sandwich panel, a heat isolation layer on that side may suffice.
[0014] The building construction with the sandwich panel wall may be designed so that the
sandwich panel wall is able to bear a predetermined amount of weight at room temperature
that the sandwich panel wall is not able to bear at nine hundred degrees Celsius.
In this case the heat isolation layer prolongs the time interval before the sandwich
panel wall loses its fire shielding effect.
[0015] In an embodiment a further panel with a thicker metal plate is included adjacent
the sandwich panel. This makes it possible to hang more weight locally on the wall,
without compromising safety or increasing the weight of all panels.
[0016] In an embodiment the surface of the wall comprises surfaces of a plurality of panels
and spreading plate attached to the plurality of panels. This makes it possible to
hang more weight on the spreading plate than on an individual panel.
[0017] According to another aspect a method of fire proofing a building construction with
a sandwich wall according to claim 5 is provided. Herein fire-proofing refers to increasing
the time duration before the sandwich wall fails to perform its separation function.
The method applies to a building construction comprises a beam, the sandwich panel
hanging from said beam on fasteners that extend through the sandwich panel and into
said beam. According to the method comprising a heat isolation layer is applied on
at least one side of the sandwich panel, over the fasteners and over an area of the
panel surrounding the fasteners on that side of the panel. This can done on existing
walls to improve protection, or when the wall is built up. In both cases the heat
isolation layer provides longer protection against failure of the wall also when objects
of considerable weight have been hung on the sandwich wall panel.
Brief description of the drawing
[0018] These and other objects and advantages will become apparent from a description of
exemplary embodiments with reference to the following figures.
- Figure 1
- shows a sandwich panel wall
- Figure 2, 2a-d
- show a connection detail of a sandwich wall panel
- Figure 3
- shows an embodiment with an intermediate plate
- Figure 4
- shows an embodiment with a panel comprising a thicker plate
Detailed description of exemplary embodiments
[0019] Figure 1 shows a building construction comprising a succession of sandwich panels
10 suspended from a beam 12. Each sandwich panel 10 is attached to beam 12 by a plurality
of bolts 14. In the illustrated embodiment, beam 12 is located at the top of sandwich
panels 10. Beam 12 is connected to a framework of the building (not shown). The building
construction may comprise further beams, e.g. a bottom beam 16 connected to sandwich
panels 10 and one or more further beams to back up sandwich panels 10. Sandwich panels
10 may be connected to each other by interlocking seams to form a continuous wall.
Preferably, seams are used that are designed to block penetration of fire or substantial
hot air flow through the seams into the space in the wall that contains fiber material.
[0020] Preferably, the interlocking seams connect sandwich panels 10 without use of fasteners
that extend through the sandwich panels. This prevents heat transport at the edges
between the panels. For example, sandwich panels 10 may be connected to each other
with tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves that extend in parallel
with the plane of the sandwich panels at the connected edges.
[0021] The edge of the metal plate of the sandwich panel that forms the main surface plane
on one side of the panel can be used to realize a groove. At the groove the metal
plate is bent into an S shape at the edge adjoining the adjacent plate, the top of
the S being part of the surface of the metal plate and the remainder of the S lying
between the planes of the metal plates of the sandwich panel. About half way the bottom
of the S, the plate may end with a part perpendicular to the surface, along the edge
of the fiber material of the sandwich panel. A tongue can be realized similarly with
a bent plate edge to fit with the S shape, Each of the metal plates 20a, b may have
bends on both front and back to form a tongue or groove on both the front and back
along an edge.
[0022] Figure 2 shows a side view of part of sandwich wall panel 10 not according to the
invention but present for illustrations purposes only. Sandwich wall panel 10 comprises
parallel metal plates 20a, b and fiber material 21 between parallel metal plates 20a,
b. Sandwich panels 10 are known per se. In an embodiment each sandwich panel comprises
a pair of parallel steel plates, for example of 0.7 mm thickness each at a distance
of 100 mm, with stone wool between the steel plates glued to both plates. In an example,
each sandwich panel 10 is at least three meters high and half a meter wide. The surfaces
of parallel metal plates 20a, b, form the parallel surfaces of the wall.
[0023] The part of metal plate 20a, b that forms one of the parallel surfaces of the wall
will be referred to as the main surface of the metal plate 20a, b. The fiber material
is attached to the parts of the metal plates that form the main surface parts. As
noted, another part at the edge may be used to connect the panels. The fiber material
need not be attached to this other part.
[0024] The use of parallel metal plates with fiber material attached to the metal plates
and filling the distance between the plates provides for a stiff, light weight wall,
with stiffness to bending that is much larger than the stiffness of the metal plates
per se, and equal to the stiffness of a much thicker solid metal wall plate. By way
of example a 0.7 mm thickness and a distance of 100 mm may be used, but the thicknesses
e.g. in a range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm and distances e.g. in the range of 20-200 mm may
be used. Instead of stone wool other fiber material may be used, such as another ceramic
or mineral wool, glass or carbon fiber etc. Instead of (stainless) steel plates other
metal plates may be used, provided that the metal has a melting temperature above
a thousand degrees Celsius.
[0025] Figure 2 schematically shows suspension of a sandwich wall panel 10 from beam 12.
By way of example a beam 12 with L-shape cross-section is shown, but other types of
beam may be used. Bolts 14 (only one shown) extends through sandwich wall panel 10
and are screwed into beam 12. Bolts 14 may be end within beam 12, or bolts 14 may
extend through beam 12. Although an embodiment with bolts is described, it should
be understood that equivalent fasteners such as rivets, screws etc. may be used. The
fasteners extend through sandwich wall panel 10 between the main surfaces of the metal
plates. The head of fastener 14 lies on the metal plate 20a outside the main surface
outside of metal plate 20a.
[0026] The head of the fastener may be integral with the fastener or attached to it, e.g.
screwed on as a nut, glued on etc. In an embodiment a self tapping bolt, and the hole
though which the bolt enters the metal plate is tapped with this bolt. It has been
found that this increases the maximum wall panel weight bearing capacity. Preferably
both holes where the bolt enters and exits are tapped with the bolt.
[0027] A fire resistant heat isolation layer 22 is provided over bolts 14. The purpose of
heat isolation layer 22 is to delay heating of the metal plate of sandwich wall panel
10 at and surrounding the part of bolt 14, in the case of fire on the side of the
wall on which heat isolation layer 22 is provided.
[0028] In the illustrated embodiment heat isolation layer 22 is applied over and surrounding
the bolts 14 on only one of the metal plates 20a of the sandwich wall panel, thus
providing fire protection only for fire on a first side of the wall. Such one sided
protection is all that is required for fire safety in many applications. The head
of bolts 14 extends beyond the main surface of the metal plate 20a over which heat
isolation layer 22 is applied. If delay of collapse of the wall protection due to
fire on either side of the wall is required, a further heat isolation layer 23 may
be provided over beam 12 on the right side of the drawing as well, as shown in figure
2a, which is also not according to the invention.
[0029] It has been found that, when sandwich wall panel is loaded with a significant weight
(e.g. thirty kilograms), an early cause of collapse of the panel in the case of fire
is due to high temperature failure of the metal plate 20a of the sandwich panel from
the holes through which sandwich wall panel 10 is suspended on bolts 14. Because the
holes and their surrounding are covered by heat isolation layer 22 the metal plate
20a around the hole will heat more slowly. Thus, heat isolation layer 22 delays this
form of failure, thus providing for a longer time of escape. Preferably heat isolation
layer 22 is selected so that failure from the holes due to direct heating of the wall
surrounding bolts 14 is no longer the earliest cause of failure. A much larger delay
does not add to safety. Of course there are other causes of failure that may eventually
result in collapse of the wall, such as ascent of heated air through a space between
parallel metal plates 20a,b, or heat diffusion through metal plate 20a from the part
of metal plate 20a that is exposed to the fire.
[0030] Preferably, bolts 14 are connected to beam 12 only on the second side, opposite the
first side, at the metal plate 20b on the second side. Thus, heating through bolts
14 from the fire on the first side is avoided. In an embodiment, the part of beam
12 that faces the same space as heat isolation layer 22 is also embedded in further
heat isolation material 220, as shown in figure 2b. This slows down heat diffusion
through beam 12 to the other side of the wall and its possible effect on wall failure.
However, such an embedding is may not be needed.
[0031] Preferably, as shown, the part of the inner surface of heat isolation layer 22 above
and below fastener is parallel to the main surface of metal plate 20a., preferably
from the highest to the lowest edges of height of heat isolation layer 22, The parallel
part of the inner surface extends in contact with the surface of metal plate 20a of
sandwich panel 10 both above and below the place where the head of fastener 14 extends
from the surface of metal plate 20a. This prevents that fastener 14, or the part of
the main surface of metal plate 20a can be heated by flow of heated air between the
surface of metal plate 20a and heat isolation layer 22. Preferably, heat isolation
layer 22 is also in contact with the surface of metal plate 20a left and right of
the head of fastener 14.
[0032] The thickness and extent of heat isolation layer 22 is selected so that the cumulative
heat flow to the wall part surrounding bolts 14 through heat isolation layer 22 during
one hour, when the air temperature adjacent the heat isolation layer is 1100 degrees
Celsius, is less than the heat flow needed to heat the wall part surrounding bolts
to a level where the wall fails at bolts 14 when the wall is loaded with a weight
up to thirty kilograms. Preferably, the heat flow through the wall part through heat
isolation layer 22 to the part surrounding bolts 14 is smaller than heat flow due
to other processes of heating that wall part.
[0033] In an embodiment, heat isolation layer 22 may comprise a layer of a ceramic or mineral
wool, such as stone wool for example. Preferably, all bolts 14 from which a sandwich
wall panel 10 is suspended are covered by a heat isolation layer 22 that extends over
all these bolts 14. Alternatively, separate heat isolation layers 22 may be applied
over individual bolts 14, or sub-sets of the bolts. On an embodiment a single heat
isolation layer 22 may be used that extends over a plurality of wall panels. Preferably
heat isolation layer or layers 22 extends at least twenty mm from the edge of each
bolt 14 over the surrounding surface of metal plate 22a, and preferably at least fifty
mm from the edge. Preferably, heat isolation layer is at least twenty mm thick. Preferably,
heat isolation layer 22 is designed so that its heat conduction coefficient is less
than 0,04 W/(m
2Kelvin). Preferably all bolts 14 from which a sandwich panel 10 is suspended are covered
by a heat isolation layer as described. But of course, in addition to the covered
bolts that suffice to keep up sandwich wall panel, there may be additional bolts that
are not covered. It suffices that the covered bolts per se are able to carry the sandwich
panel at least during a limited time interval that allows for escape from the fire.
[0034] Figure 2b shows an embodiment according to the invention wherein heat isolation layer
22 is part of pre-form part, which further comprise a cover 24, e.g. of metal such
as steel, which may be directly or indirectly coupled to beam 12, or to further heat
isolation material 220 into which beam 12 is embedded, as shown in figure 2c also
showing an embodiment according to the invention. Optionally, cover 24 encloses heat
isolation layer 22 on the outside, as shown in figure 2d, this prevents that heat
isolation layer 22 can be disturbed. Optionally, screws are used to connect cover
24 to the metal plate 20a at a level below heat isolation layer 22, as shown in figure
2d showing a further embodiment according to the invention. When the preformed part
is mounted over sandwich wall panel 10, heat isolation layer 22 is located between
the metal cover 24 and the metal plate 22a of sandwich wall panel 10with which heat
isolation layer 22 is in contact. In another embodiment, heat isolation layer 22 may
be attached to metal plate 20a first and optionally subsequently covered by a metal
cover 24. Alternatively, heat isolation layer 22 itself may be attached by screws
through heat isolation layer 22 into the metal plate 20a on which heat isolation layer
22 is provided, at a distance from bolts 14 (e.g. at least twenty mm distant). As
such screws bear only heat isolation layer 22, they do not form a significant source
of wall failure.
[0035] In other embodiments, from a beam 12, a sandwich panel 10 may be suspended from a
plurality of beams at different heights, attached to each of these beams by a plurality
of bolts. Preferably bolts connected to each of these beams are covered by a heat
isolation layer in a way described in the preceding.
[0036] The capability of the wall to carry weight without significantly decreasing fire
safety can be increased further in a number of ways. For example, a panel with thicker
metal plates may be included between other sandwich panels. Figure 3 shows an embodiment
wherein an intermediate plate 30 is attached to a plurality of sandwich panel of a
wall. When weight is attached to intermediate plate 30, intermediate plate 30 will
distribute the weight over the plurality of sandwich panels. Thus a weight carrying
capacity can be realized that is a sum of the weight carrying capacity of individual
sandwich wall panels.
[0037] Figure 4 shows an embodiment of a wall comprising first sandwich wall panels 10 as
described in the preceding, with metal plates of a first thickness. A further panel
40 (preferably also a sandwich panel) with a metal plate or plates of the same metal
(e.g. steel) as sandwich wall panels 10, is included between the first panels. The
metal plate or plates of further panel 40 have a second thickness greater than the
first thickness (e.g. at least twice the first thickness). This makes it possible
to increase the weight bearing capacity of the wall locally at the further panel,
without increasing the weight of all panels in the wall.
1. A building construction with a wall that comprises
- a sandwich panel (10), comprising a pair of parallel metal plates (20a,b), forming
opposite parallel surfaces (20a,b) of the wall, and fiber material (21) between said
metal plates (20a,b), glued to said metal plates (20a,b);
- a beam (12), the sandwich panel (10) hanging from said beam (12) on fasteners (14)
that extend into said beam (12); wherein the fasteners (14) extend through the sandwich
panel (10) between the parallel surfaces (20a,b) into said beam (12);
characterized in that the wall comprises
- a heat isolation layer (22) on at least one side of the sandwich panel (10), over
the fasteners (14) and over an area of the panel (10) surrounding the fasteners (14)
on that side of the panel (10), and
in that the building construction further comprises a heat isolation element that comprises
said heat isolation layer (22) and a cover (24) attached over the heat isolation layer
(22), the cover (24) serving as a mechanical coupling of the heat isolation layer
(22) directly or indirectly to said beam (12) and/or the metal plate (20a) on said
at least one side of the sandwich panel (10).
2. A building construction according to claim 1, wherein the heat isolation layer extends
(22) over all of said fasteners (14).
3. A building construction according any of the preceding claims, wherein the heat isolation
layer (22) extends in contact with the surface of the metal plate (20a) on said at
least one side of the sandwich panel (10), above and below the place where heads of
the fasteners (14) extend from the surface of the metal plate (20a).
4. A building construction according to any of the preceding claims comprising a further
panel (10) adjacent the sandwich panel (10), surfaces of the panel (10) and the further
panel (40) forming adjacent parts of a surface of the wall, the metal plates (20a)
of the first panel (10) having a first thickness and the further panel (40) having
a metal plate or metal plates a second thickness larger than the first thickness.
5. A method of fire proofing a building construction with a wall that comprises a sandwich
panel (10), comprising a pair of parallel metal plates (20a,b), forming opposite parallel
surfaces of the wall, and fiber material (21) between said metal plates (20a,b), glued
to said metal plates (20a,b), the building construction comprising a beam, the method
comprising hanging the sandwich panel (10) from said beam (12) on fasteners (14) that
extend into the beam (12), wherein fasteners (14) extend through the sandwich panel
(20) between the parallel surfaces (20a,b) and into the beam (12), characterized in that the method comprises applying a heat isolation layer (22) on at least one side of
the sandwich panel (10), over the fasteners (14) and over an area of the panel (10)
surrounding the fasteners (14) on that side of the panel (10), and in that the building construction further comprises a heat isolation element that comprises
said heat isolation layer (22) and a cover (24) attached over the heat isolation layer
(22), the cover (24) serving as a mechanical coupling of the heat isolation layer
(22) directly or indirectly to said beam (12) and/or the metal plate (20a) on said
at least one side of the sandwich panel (10).
6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the fasteners (14) are self-tapping bolts,
and a hole through the metal plate on said at least one side through which the self-tapping
bolt enters the metal plate is tapped with the self-tapping bolt before applying the
heat isolation layer (22).
1. Gebäudekonstruktion mit einer Wand, die Folgendes umfasst:
- eine Sandwichplatte (10), die ein Paar paralleler Metallplatten (20a, b), die gegenüberliegende
parallele Oberflächen (20a, b) der Wand bilden, und Fasermaterial (21) zwischen den
Metallplatten (20a, b) umfasst, das mit den Metallplatten (20a, b) verklebt ist;
- einen Träger (12), wobei die Sandwichplatte (10) an dem Träger (12) an Befestigungselementen
(14) hängt, die sich in den Träger (12) hinein erstrecken; wobei sich die Befestigungselemente
(14) durch die Sandwichplatte (10) zwischen den parallelen Flächen (20a, b) in den
Träger (12) hinein erstrecken;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Wand Folgendes umfasst:
- eine Wärmeisolierschicht (22) auf mindestens einer Seite der Sandwichplatte (10),
über den Befestigungselementen (14) und über einem Bereich der Platte (10), der die
Befestigungselemente (14) auf dieser Seite der Platte (10) umgibt, und
dass die Baukonstruktion ferner ein Wärmeisolierelement umfasst, das die Wärmeisolierschicht
(22) und eine über der Wärmeisolierschicht (22) angebrachte Abdeckung (24) umfasst,
wobei die Abdeckung (24) als mechanische Verbindung der Wärmeisolierschicht (22) direkt
oder indirekt mit dem Träger (12) und/oder der Metallplatte (20a) auf der mindestens
einen Seite der Sandwichplatte (10) dient.
2. Gebäudekonstruktion nach Anspruch 1, wobei sich die Wärmeisolierschicht (22) über
alle Befestigungselemente (14) erstreckt.
3. Gebäudekonstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei sich die Wärmeisolierschicht
(22) in Kontakt mit der Oberfläche der Metallplatte (20a) auf der mindestens einen
Seite der Sandwichplatte (10) über und unter der Stelle erstreckt, an der die Köpfe
der Befestigungselemente (14) aus der Oberfläche der Metallplatte (20a) herausragen.
4. Gebäudekonstruktion nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer weiteren Platte
(10), die an die Sandwichplatte (10) angrenzt, wobei die Oberflächen der Platte (10)
und der weiteren Platte (40) benachbarte Teile einer Oberfläche der Wand bilden, wobei
die Metallplatten (20a) der ersten Platte (10) eine erste Dicke aufweisen und die
weitere Platte (40) eine Metallplatte oder Metallplatten mit einer zweiten Dicke aufweist,
die größer ist als die erste Dicke.
5. Verfahren zum Feuerschutz einer Gebäudekonstruktion mit einer Wand, die eine Sandwichplatte
(10) umfasst, die ein Paar paralleler Metallplatten (20a, b), die gegenüberliegende
parallele Oberflächen der Wand bilden, und Fasermaterial (21) zwischen den Metallplatten
(20a, b) umfasst, das mit den Metallplatten (20a, b) verklebt ist, wobei die Gebäudekonstruktion
einen Träger umfasst, wobei das Verfahren das Aufhängen der Sandwichplatte (10) an
dem Träger (12) an Befestigungselementen (14) umfasst, die sich in den Träger (12)
erstrecken, wobei sich die Befestigungselemente (14) durch die Sandwichplatte (20)
zwischen den parallelen Oberflächen (20a, b) und in den Träger (12) erstrecken,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren das Aufbringen einer Wärmeisolierschicht (22) auf mindestens einer
Seite der Sandwichplatte (10), über den Befestigungselementen (14) und über einem
Bereich der Platte (10), der die Befestigungselemente (14) auf dieser Seite der Platte
(10) umgibt, umfasst, und dass die Gebäudekonstruktion ferner ein Wärmeisolierelement
umfasst, das die Wärmeisolierschicht (22) und eine über der Wärmeisolierschicht (22)
angebrachte Abdeckung (24) umfasst, wobei die Abdeckung (24) als mechanische Verbindung
der Wärmeisolierschicht (22) direkt oder indirekt mit dem Träger (12) und/oder der
Metallplatte (20a) auf der mindestens einen Seite der Sandwichplatte (10) dient.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Befestigungselemente (14) selbstschneidende Schrauben
sind und ein Loch durch die Metallplatte auf der mindestens einen Seite, durch das
die selbstschneidende Schraube in die Metallplatte eintritt, mit der selbstschneidenden
Schraube vor dem Anbringen der Wärmeisolierschicht (22) gebohrt wird.
1. Construction de bâtiment avec une paroi qui comprend
- un panneau sandwich (10), comprenant une paire de plaques métalliques parallèles
(20a,b), formant des surfaces parallèles opposées (20a,b) de la paroi, et un matériau
de fibres (21) entre lesdites plaques métalliques (20a,b), collé auxdites plaques
métalliques (20a,b) ;
- une poutre (12), le panneau sandwich (10) étant suspendu à ladite poutre (12) sur
des éléments de fixation (14) qui s'étendent dans ladite poutre (12) ; dans lequel
les éléments de fixation (14) s'étendent à travers le panneau sandwich (10) entre
les surfaces parallèles (20a,b) dans ladite poutre (12) ;
caractérisé en ce que la paroi comprend
- une couche d'isolation thermique (22) sur au moins un côté du panneau sandwich (10),
au-dessus des éléments de fixation (14) et au-dessus d'une zone du panneau (10) entourant
les éléments de fixation (14) sur ce côté du panneau (10), et
en ce que la construction de bâtiment comprend en outre un élément d'isolation thermique qui
comprend ladite couche d'isolation thermique (22) et une couverture (24) fixée au-dessus
de la couche d'isolation thermique (22), la couverture (24) servant de raccordement
mécanique de la couche d'isolation thermique (22) directement ou indirectement à ladite
poutre (12) et/ou la plaque métallique (20a) sur ledit au moins un côté du panneau
sandwich (10).
2. Construction de bâtiment selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la couche d'isolation
thermique s'étend (22) au-dessus de l'ensemble desdits éléments de fixation (14).
3. Construction de bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans
laquelle la couche d'isolation thermique (22) s'étend en contact avec la surface de
la plaque métallique (20a) sur ledit au moins un côté du panneau sandwich (10), au-dessus
et au-dessous de l'emplacement où les têtes des éléments de fixation (14) s'étendent
depuis la surface de la plaque métallique (20a).
4. Construction de bâtiment selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes comprenant
un panneau (10) supplémentaire adjacent au panneau sandwich (10), des surfaces du
panneau (10) et du panneau supplémentaire (40) formant des parties adjacentes d'une
surface de la paroi, les plaques métalliques (20a) du premier panneau (10) ayant une
première épaisseur et le panneau supplémentaire (40) comportant une plaque métallique
ou des plaques métalliques ayant une deuxième épaisseur supérieure à la première épaisseur.
5. Procédé d'ignifugation d'une construction de bâtiment avec une paroi qui comprend
un panneau sandwich (10), comprenant une paire de plaques métalliques parallèles (20a,b),
formant des surfaces parallèles opposées de la paroi, et un matériau de fibres (21)
entre lesdites plaques métalliques (20a,b), collé auxdites plaques métalliques (20a,b),
la construction de bâtiment comprenant une poutre, le procédé comprenant la suspension
du panneau sandwich (10) à ladite poutre (12) sur des éléments de fixation (14) qui
s'étendent dans la poutre (12), dans lequel les éléments de fixation (14) s'étendent
à travers le panneau sandwich (20) entre les surfaces parallèles (20a,b) et dans la
poutre (12), caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend l'application d'une couche d'isolation thermique (22) sur au
moins un côté du panneau sandwich (10), au-dessus des éléments de fixation (14) et
au-dessus d'une zone du panneau (10) entourant les éléments de fixation (14) sur ce
côté du panneau (10), et en ce que la construction de bâtiment comprend en outre un élément d'isolation thermique qui
comprend ladite couche d'isolation thermique (22) et une couverture (24) fixée au-dessus
de la couche d'isolation thermique (22), la couverture (24) servant de raccordement
mécanique de la couche d'isolation thermique (22) directement ou indirectement à ladite
poutre (12) et/ou la plaque métallique (20a) sur ledit au moins un côté du panneau
sandwich (10).
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel les éléments de fixation (14) sont des
boulons autotaraudeurs, et un trou à travers la plaque métallique sur ledit au moins
un côté à travers lequel le boulon autotaraudeur pénètre la plaque métallique est
taraudé avec le boulon autotaraudeur avant l'application de la couche d'isolation
thermique (22).