Field of the invention
[0001] The present invention relates in general to the field of constructions. More specifically,
the present invention relates in a first aspect to a building block. In a second aspect
the present invention relates to a building system comprising a plurality of building
blocks, wherein one or more building blocks is a building block according to the first
aspect of the invention. In a third and fourth aspect the present invention provides
methods for the manufacture of a building block according to the first aspect of the
invention. In a fifth aspect the present invention relates to the use of a building
block according to the first aspect of the invention or of a building system according
to the second aspect of the invention as building block(s) in a structure.
Background of the invention
[0002] For use in construction of a foundation of a wall, for example for a house, building
blocks are known which comprise a first block, a second block and an insulation block
which is being arranged between the first and the second block. By building the foundation
of a building with these building blocks, improved insulation against cold from the
outside environment is attained due to the presence of the insulation block between
the first and the second block. In some applications of this building block more layers
of building blocks may be arranged on top of each other, wherein the upper layer of
building blocks comprises the referred building block in an embodiment in which the
first block is having the same height as the insulation block and wherein the second
block is having a lower height. By letting the second block with a lower height face
the interior of the building, a concrete floor may be cast over this lower, second
block and hereby good insulation against influx of cold from the outside can be attained.
The referred building block is disclosed in Danish utility model application
DK 2011 00144 U3.
[0003] Another type of building block is disclosed in
DE 20 2014 006 652 U1. This document discloses a building block comprising an outer block, an inner block
and an intermediate isolation block made from natural fibers. The building block of
this document may comprise vertical channels and horizontal channels. These channels
may serve the purpose of venting air. The horizontal channels may moreover accommodate
horizontal tubes which are connected to a vertical tube.
[0004] DE 20 2014 006 652 U1 does not disclose that the channels may extend through the intermediate insulation
block, nor does this document disclose that the building blocks disclosed therein
can be used for reducing levels of radon within a building.
[0005] Radon is an invisible gas having no taste or smell which occurs naturally in the
underground. Radon is having a density at standard pressure and temperature of 9.73
g/l. Although radon is having a density which is greater than the density of atmospheric
air (1.2 g/l), radon nevertheless has a tendency to rise from the interior of the
Earth.
[0006] The radon level in the ground may vary geographically, depending on the composition
of the ground. The radon level may vary within the same municipal borders and even
between two neighboring houses, due to the impact of the construction, condition and
ventilation of the houses.
[0007] As radon is radioactive, exposure to radon over prolonged periods of time will imply
a health hazard. Therefore, a general interest in reducing the exposure to radon for
human beings exists. Radon is able to penetrate into a building through cracks and
crevices facing soil because a lower air pressure usually is present inside a building
compared to beneath a building.
[0008] Accordingly, a higher radon level will always be present in the indoor air compared
to the outdoor air. The higher radon level in the indoor air, the higher the risk
of harm to the health, such as lung cancer. Hence, any reduction in radon level is
beneficial.
[0009] In the Danish building regulation, requirements are made that new houses must be
secured against radon to such an extent that the level of radon in the indoor air
does not exceed 100 Bq/m
3.
[0010] Although a steel reinforced concrete floor having a thickness of 100 mm or more generally
is being considered to be impermeable to radon, this is only true to the extent that
the concrete floor is without any cracks or crevices. Such cracks or crevices will
eventually form over time, which thereby implies penetration of radon from the underground
and up through the floor in a house having a concrete floor.
[0011] Accordingly, a need exists for a technology which may contribute in reducing the
radon level in the interior of a building, for example by removing radon which has
entered from the underground into the area below a floor of a building.
[0012] It is a objective of the present invention in its various aspects to provide such
technology which may contribute to a reduction in the radon levels in the interior
of a building.
Brief description of the invention
[0013] This objective is fulfilled according the invention in its various aspects.
[0014] Accordingly, the present invention in a first aspect relates to a building block
wherein the building block in the orientation intended during use comprises:
- a first block;
- a second block;
- an insulation block;
wherein the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the second
block;
wherein the building block is having an extension in a longitudinal direction X; in
a depth direction Y and in a height direction Z;
wherein the building block accordingly comprises a number of distinct surfaces, which
in pairs are being mutually separated by an edge;
wherein the building block comprises one or more channels, wherein one or more of
these one or more channels define(s) a passage from one distinct surface to another
distinct surface;
wherein said channel comprises two channel sections, wherein the first channel section
extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct surface of the building
block and a portion into the interior of the building block; and wherein second channel
section extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface of the second
block to the first channel section in such a way that the first channel section is
connected to the second channel section; wherein said channel extends at least through
a part of the insulation block.
[0015] In a second aspect according to the present invention, a building system is provided,
comprising a plurality of building blocks, wherein one or more building blocks each
is/are a building block according to the first aspect of the invention;
wherein said building system additionally comprises one or more ordinary building
blocks in the sense defined in respect of the building block of the first aspect of
the invention, yet without the presence of any channel.
[0016] In a third aspect the present invention provides a method for the manufacture of
a building block according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps
of:
- a) providing a first block, a second block and an insulation block in the desired
dimensions in such a way that the building block upon assembly will define the channel
or the channels;
- b) assembling the first block, the second block and the insulation block in such a
way that the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the second
block; wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or adhesive, or via mechanical
fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
- c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed;
[0017] In a fourth aspect the present invention provides a method for the manufacture of
a building block according to the first aspect of the invention, comprising the steps
of:
- a) providing a first block, a second block and an insulation block in the desired
dimensions;
- b) assembling the first block , the second block and the insulation block in such
a way that the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the
second block; wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or adhesive, or via
mechanical fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
- c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed.
- d) forming the channel or the channels in the building block, e.g. by drilling and/or
milling material.
[0018] In a fifth aspect the present invention provides a use of a building block according
to the first aspect of the invention, or of a building system according to the second
aspect of the invention as building block(s) in a structure.
[0019] The present invention in its various aspects may contribute to removal of radon in
the interior of a building, hence leading to a more healthy indoor climate.
Brief description of the drawings
[0020]
Fig. 1a is a perspective view illustrating a prior art building block.
Fig. 1b is a cross-sectional view of a prior art wall/floor construction.
Fig. 2a is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building block (which is not according
to the present invention).
Fig. 2b is a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of Fig. 2a.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of another embodiment of a building block (which
is not according to the present invention).
Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of yet an embodiment of a building block according
to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a building block
(which is not according to the present invention).
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of another alternative embodiment of a building block
according to the present invention.
Fig. 7a is a cross-sectional view of yet another alternative embodiment of a building
block (which is not according to the present invention).
Fig. 7b is a cross-sectional view of the building block illustrated in fig. 7a.
Fig. 8a is a perspective view of a design of a building block (which is not according
to the present invention), serving to form an inner corner of a foundation.
Fig. 8b is a perspective view of a design of a building block (which is not according
to the present invention), serving to form an outer corner of a foundation.
Fig. 9 is a perspective view illustrating a building system (which is not according
to the present invention).
Detailed description of the invention
[0021] The present invention accordingly in a first aspect relates to a building block,
wherein the building block in the orientation intended during use comprises:
- a first block;
- a second block;
- an insulation block;
wherein the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the second
block;
wherein the building block is having an extension in a longitudinal direction X; in
a depth direction Y and in a height direction Z;
wherein the building block accordingly comprises a number of distinct surfaces, which
in pairs are being mutually separated by an edge;
wherein the building block comprises one or more channels, wherein one or more of
these one or more channels define(s) a passage from one distinct surface to another
distinct surface;
wherein said channel comprises two channel sections, wherein the first channel section
extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct surface of the building
block and a portion into the interior of the building block; and wherein second channel
section extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface of the second
block to the first channel section in such a way that the first channel section is
connected to the second channel section; wherein said channel extends at least through
a part of the insulation block.
[0022] As the building block according to the first aspect of the present invention is being
provided with one or more channels, the building block allows for leading radon, which
has been accumulated beneath a floor in a building, from the building and out into
the open.
[0023] Hereby the quality of the indoor climate in a building using the described building
blocks can be increased.
[0024] The term "in the orientation intended during use" as employed in the present description
and in the appended claims may be construed to mean that the building block is being
arranged in such a way that its lower surface or at least a part thereof defines a
horizontal plane and in such a way that the outer surfaces of the first and the second
block, respectively, are oriented vertically.
[0025] The term "distinct surface" as employed in the present description and in the appended
claims may be construed to mean a part of the total surface of the building block,
where this part of the surface is being separated from other parts of the surface
of the building block by one or more edges.
[0026] The term "the interior of a building" as employed in the present description and
in the appended claims may be construed to mean the volume which is being defined
within the outer walls of the building, including the volume, which is being defined
within the foundation of the building.
[0027] An edge may be an inside edge which accordingly defines a concave boundary between
two distinct surfaces. The term "concave" as employed in the present description and
in the appended claims may be construed to mean that the angle between two such distinct
surfaces, being separated by said edge, lies in the range of [0; 180°]. Typically,
the angle between two distinct surfaces at a concave edge will be approximately 90°.
[0028] An edge may also be an outside edge which accordingly defines a convex boundary between
two distinct surfaces. The term "convex" as employed in the present description and
in the appended claims may be construed to mean that the angle between two such distinct
surfaces, being separated by said edge, lies in the range of [180; 360°]. Typically,
the angle between two distinct surfaces at a convex edge will be approximately 270°.
[0029] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention a first interface is being defined between said insulation block and
said first block, and a second interface is being defined between the insulation block
and the second block, wherein the first interface and the second interface each is
oriented in an XZ-plane.
[0030] Hereby is attained that the insulation block becomes vertically oriented, thereby
implying that a thermal insulation between a building's interior and exterior environment
most efficiently is provided.
[0031] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention, said first block and/or said second block comprise(s) a mineral material,
such as clay, cement, concrete.
[0032] These materials have proven beneficial for the intended purpose for use in a building
block.
[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention said insulation block comprises a porous or foamed material, such a
mineral wool or glass wool; or polystyrene or polyurethane.
[0034] These materials have proven beneficial for the intended purpose for use as thermal
insulation in a building block.
[0035] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention one or more of the channels extend from the one distinct surface of
the building block to the other distinct surface of the building block, partly or
completely within the interior of the building block.
[0036] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention one or more of the channels extend from the one distinct surface of
the building block to the other distinct surface of the building block partly or completely
along a part of a distinct surface of the building block.
[0037] These two embodiments may be advantageous, each in its own way.
[0038] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention one or more of the channels independently extend through at least a
part of the first block and/or at least through a part of the second block and/or
at least through a part of the insulation block.
[0039] In some embodiments in which high strength is preferred it will be beneficial, as
far as possible, to let the channel or one or more of its individual channel sections
extend in the insulation block.
[0040] Alternatively, the channel or one or more of its individual channel sections extend
in the first block or in the second block.
[0041] In other cases, it may be advantageous to let the channel extend in the first block
and/or in the second block.
[0042] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the first block and/or the second block and/or the insulation block,
once the presence of the channel(s) is disregarded, forms a right angled parallelepipedum.
[0043] Hereby, box-shaped building blocks are attained which traditionally are easiest to
use for constructions.
[0044] The term "once the presence of the channels is disregarded" as employed in the present
description and in the appended claims may be construed to mean that one imagines
the channel being filled with material in such a way that the geometrical figure hereby
provided, is being a right angled parallelepipedum.
[0045] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block is having such a shape that a cross-section of the
building block in the XY-plane, at least a given specific height level, and preferably
at any height level of the building block, defines a rectangle, or defines a trapeze-form,
wherein two angles of this trapeze-form are right-angled, and wherein other two angles
of this trapeze-form are not right-angled.
[0046] Hereby a building block is attained which is either box-shaped or trapeze-shaped.
These two embodiments are beneficial for building a foundation for a structure.
[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the extension H
1 in the height direction Z of the first block, the extension H
2 in the height direction Z of the second block and the extension H
3 in the height direction Z of the insulation block essentially are the same.
[0048] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the extension H
1 in the height direction Z of the first block, the extension H
3 in the height direction Z of the insulation block essentially are the same; and the
extension H
2 in the height direction Z of the second block is smaller than the extension H
1 in the height direction Z of the first block.
[0049] These two embodiments are suitable for use as an upper or non-upper building block
for a foundation, respectively. In the latter case, the lower height of the second
block allows that a floor can be arranged or cast on top of this lower, second block.
[0050] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the extension L
1 in the longitudinal direction X of the first block, the extension L
2 in the longitudinal direction X of the second block and the extension L
3 in the longitudinal direction X of the insulation block essentially are the same.
[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the extension L
1 in the longitudinal direction X of the first block, and the extension L
2 in the longitudinal direction X of the second block essentially are the same; and
wherein the extension L
3 in the longitudinal direction X of the insulation block is larger than the extensions
L
1, L
2 in the longitudinal direction X of the first block and the second block, respectively.
[0052] By providing the building blocks with a middle insulation block having a larger longitudinal
extension than the first block and the second block it is assured that upon building
a foundation, heat bridges can be avoided, because it is possible for the insulation
block of one building block to fully abut the insolation block of an adjacent building
block.
[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the first block is having an extension D
1 in the depth direction Y, and the second block is having an extension D
2 in the depth direction Y; and the insulation block is having an extension D
3 in the depth direction Y; wherein D
1 = D
2 = D
3; or wherein D
1 < D
2 = D
3; or wherein D
1 = D
2 < D
3; or wherein D
1 < D
2 < D
3.
[0054] These mutual ratios between thicknesses of the first block, the second block and
the insulation block, respectively, allow various embodiments for the building block.
For instance, it may in respect of insulative reasons be advantageous to let D
3 be relatively large.
[0055] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the insulation block is being fastened to the first block and/or to
the second block with adhesive or glue; and/or the insulation block is being mechanically
fastened to the first block and/or to the second block, such as with bolts or screws.
[0056] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the first block forms a right angled parallelepipedum, and the second
block and the insulation block are L-shaped.
[0057] This embodiment is suitable, when the building block is for use for an inside corner.
[0058] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the first block and the insulation block are L-shaped, and the second
block forms a right angled parallelepipedum.
[0059] This embodiment is suitable when the building block is for use for an outside corner.
[0060] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel which extends in the longitudinal
direction X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces of the building block.
[0061] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel comprising two channel sections,
wherein the first channel section extends in the longitudinal direction X between
two opposite, distinct end-surfaces of the building block; and wherein second channel
section extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface of the second
block to the first channel section in such a way that the first channel section is
connected to the second channel section.
[0062] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel comprising two channel sections,
wherein the first channel section extends in the height direction Z from an outer,
upper distinct surface of the building block and a portion into the interior of the
building block; and wherein second channel section extends in the depth direction
Y from an outer, distinct surface of the second block to the first channel section
in such a way that the first channel section is connected to the second channel section.
[0063] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel comprising two channel sections,
wherein the first channel section extends in the longitudinal direction X between
two opposite, distinct end-surfaces of the building block; and wherein the second
channel section extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct surface
of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building block in such
a way that the first channel section is connected to the second channel section.
[0064] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel comprising three channel sections,
wherein the first channel section extends in the longitudinal direction X between
two opposite, distinct end-surfaces of the building block; and wherein the second
channel section extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct surface
of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building block in such
a way that the second channel section is connected to the first channel section; wherein
third channel section extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface
of the second block to the first channel section in such a way that the third channel
section is connected to the first channel section.
[0065] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the first channel section is connected to the second channel section
and the third channel section.
[0066] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block comprises a channel which extends in the depth direction
Y between two opposite surfaces.
[0067] The above configurations for the extension of the channel serves different purposes
as to in which direction, relative to the building block, the collected radon is to
be conveyed.
[0068] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention one or more of the channel sections of the channel in the building block
which extend(s) along the XZ-plane solely extend in the first block, in the second
block or in the insulation block. Alternatively, this or these channel sections extend(s)
in two or more of these three blocks.
[0069] In a preferred embodiment of the building block according to the first aspect of
the invention the building block is a foundation block for a structure, such as a
building block for a plinth for a structure.
[0070] The present invention relates in a second aspect to a building system comprising
a plurality of building blocks, wherein one or more building blocks each is/are a
building block according to the first aspect of the invention;
wherein said building system additionally comprises one or more ordinary building
blocks in the sense defined in respect of the building block of the first aspect of
the invention, yet without the presence of any channel.
[0071] In case the building system comprises a number of building blocks with a through-going
channel or a through-going channel section, extending between to opposite, distinct
surfaces, it may be preferred that two or more of these building blocks are uniformly
designed so that upon arranging the building blocks following each other in a longitudinal
direction it is achieved that the channel can be extended in a horizontal or vertical
direction through these building blocks.
[0072] The term "ordinary building block" as employed in the present description and in
the appended claims may accordingly be construed to mean a building block according
to the first aspect of the first aspect, however with the difference that in respect
of each channel and in each channel section appearing in the first block, the second
block and/or the insulation block, respectively, this channel or this channel section
instead comprises the material corresponding to the block in which the channel or
the channel section is present.
[0073] In a preferred embodiment of the building system according to the second aspect of
the invention the building system comprises a building block according to the first
aspect of the invention, and additionally comprises a tube, wherein the outer dimension
of the tube is being adapted to an opening of a channel or a channel section at an
outer, upper distinct surface of the building block.
[0074] In a preferred embodiment of the building system according to the second aspect of
the invention the tube is having a length of 75 - 650 cm, such as 100 - 600 cm, for
example 150 - 550 cm, such as 200 - 500 cm, e.g. 250 - 450 cm or 300 - 400 cm.
[0075] The present invention provides in a third aspect a method for the manufacture of
a building block according to the first aspect of the present invention comprising
the steps of:
- a) providing a first block, a second block and an insulation block in the desired
dimensions in such a way that the building block upon assembly will define the channel
or the channels;
- b) assembling the first block, the second block and the insulation block in such a
way that the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the second
block; wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or adhesive, or via mechanical
fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
- c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed.
[0076] The present invention provides in a fourth aspect a method for the manufacture of
a building block according to the first aspect of the present invention comprising
the steps of:
- a) providing a first block, a second block and an insulation block in the desired
dimensions;
- b) assembling the first block, the second block and the insulation block in such a
way that the insulation block is being arranged between the first block and the second
block; wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or adhesive, or via mechanical
fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
- c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed;
- d) forming the channel or the channels in the building block, e.g. by drilling and/or
milling material.
[0077] The present invention relates in a fifth to a use of a building block according to
the first aspect of the invention, or of a building system according to the second
aspect of the invention as building block(s) in a structure.
[0078] In a preferred embodiment of the use according to the fifth aspect of the present
invention, the use is with the view to reduce the level of influx of radon into the
interior of the building from an area below the floor of the building.
[0079] Referring now to the figures for illustrating the present invention, Fig. 1a is a
perspective view showing a building block according to the prior art. The building
block 300 shown in Fig. 1a, is disclosed in Danish utility model application
DK 2011 00144 U3. The building block shown in Fig. 1a comprises a first block 302, a second block
304 and an insulation block 306, wherein the insulation block 306 is arranged between
the first block 302 and the second block 304.
[0080] In Fig. 1a the building block 300 is shown in the orientation intended during use
for building a foundation for a wall. As the insulation block is being arranged between
an outer block 302 and an inner block 304, an improved insulation against outside
cold is attained.
[0081] It is seen in Fig. 1a that the second block 304 is lower than the first block 302.
Hereby an insulating and sturdy joint between a foundation and a cast floor is ensured.
This is further illustrated in Fig. 1b.
[0082] Fig. 1b is a cross-sectional view of a wall/floor construction according to the prior
art. Fig. 1b shows the wall/floor construction 310 comprising a building block 300
as described above and having a first, outer block 302, a second block 304 and an
insulation block 306 being arranged therebetween. The building block 300 which forms
part of a foundation is being arranged submerged into soil 316.
[0083] It is seen that the inner block 304 is lower than the outer block 302. This enables
casting a concrete floor 308 in the interior of the building with the building block
300 on top of lose, insulating gravel of expanded clay 312. On top of the floor 308
and the building block 300, respectively, a wall 300 may subsequently be constructed.
[0084] It is easily realized that in case the concrete floor over time will comprise cracks
and crevices, radon will be able to leak from the underground and through the cracked
or creviced concrete floor 308 and thereby will be able to penetrate into the interior
318 of the building.
[0085] The present invention eliminates this problem. This is illustrated in Fig. 2a - 9.
[0086] Fig. 2a is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a building block (which
is not according to the present invention). The building block 100 in Fig. 2a comprises
in the orientation intended during use: a first block 2, a second block 4 as well
as an insulation block 6, wherein the insulation block 6 is being arranged between
the first block 2 and the second block 4.
[0087] It is seen in Fig. 2a that the building block is having an extension in a longitudinal
direction X; in a depth direction Y and in a height direction Z.
[0088] Accordingly, the building block comprises a number of distinct surfaces 8,8a,8b,8c,8d,8e,8f,
which in pairs are mutually separated by an edge 10. The edges 10 may be an outside
edge 10a (convex) or it may be an inside edge 10b (concave).
[0089] It is moreover seen in Fig. 2a that the building block comprises a channel 12 which
defines a passage from one distinct surface 8 to another distinct surface 8; in the
actual case from the surface 8a to the surface 8f.
[0090] The channel 12 in the building block 100, which is shown in Fig. 2a accordingly extends
from a first distinct end surface 8a to an opposite, distinct end surface 8f in a
longitudinal direction and along a lower, outer surface of the insulation block 6.
[0091] This is further illustrated in Fig. 2b which shows the embodiment of Fig. 2a in a
cross-sectional view.
[0092] Fig. 2b additionally shows that the first block 2 essentially has the same height
H
1 as the insulation block H
3, and that the second block is having a lower height H
2.
[0093] Fig. 2b moreover shows that between the insulation block 6 and the first block 2
is defined a first interface 14, and that between the insulation block 6 and the second
block 4 is defined a second interface 16, wherein the first interface 14, and the
second interface 16 each are lying in the XZ-plane.
[0094] The building block illustrated in Fig. 2a and 2b allows that radon which is collected
in the channel 12 can be removed from the building block and thereby from the foundation
in case a plurality of such building blocks are arranged in a way following each other.
[0095] In order to allow the inventive building block illustrated in Fig. 2a and 2b to be
able to convey radon away from the interior of a building it is however necessary
to assure that radon is being conveyed into the channel 12 of the building block in
the first place.
[0096] This is possible with corresponding building blocks which comprise a channel extending
from a distinct, outer surface on the second block and which is being connected to
the channel 12 in the building block illustrated in Fig. 2a and 2b.
[0097] Such building blocks are shown in Fig. 3 and 6.
[0098] Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of a building block (which is
not according to the present invention).
[0099] In Fig. 3 shows the building block 100 comprising a channel 12 which in turn comprises
two channel sections 12a,12b, wherein the first channel section 12a extends in the
longitudinal direction X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces 8 of the building
block, just like shown in respect of the building block of Fig. 2a and 2b. The second
channel section 12b extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface
8 of the second block 4 at an opening 20 to the first channel section 12a in such
a way that the first channel section 12a is connected to the second channel section
12b.
[0100] It is realized that in case the building block 100 illustrated in Fig. 3 is being
uses for a foundation for a wall of a building in such a way that a concrete floor
is being cast on top of the (inner) second block 4 (which is facing the interior of
the building), wherein the supporting structure in the interior of the building (also
referred to as the suction layer) first has been filled with lose gravel of expanded
clay or other type of insulation, or additionally/alternatively is being built by
means of EPS-radon board, then it can be achieved that radon, which is being present
below the concrete floor, via channel section 12b will be able to flow to the channel
section 12a, wherefrom it subsequently can be conveyed away from the building and
away from the foundation.
[0101] Fig. 6 is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of for a similar building
block according to the present invention.
[0102] In Fig. 6 shows that the building block 100 comprises a channel 12 which again comprises
three channel section 12,12b,12c. The first channel section 12a extends in the longitudinal
direction X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces 8 of the building block, as
shown in respect of the building block of Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b and Fig. 3.
[0103] The second channel section 12b extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper
distinct surface 8 of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building
block to the first channel section 12a in such a way that the second channel section
12b is connected to the first channel section 12a.
[0104] The third channel section 12c extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct
surface 8 of the second block to the second channel section 12b in such a way that
the third channel section 12c is connected to the first channel section 12a.
[0105] Also in respect of this embodiment of a building block 100 it is possible to achieve,
upon using the building block 100 as a foundation for a wall of a building, that radon
may be removed from the area beneath a concrete floor, which has being cast partly
on top of the second block 4 of the building block, because this radon via the channel
section 12c can be conveyed to the channel section 12a. From the channel section 12a
the radon may be removed in a horizontal direction via the channel section 12a itself
or the radon may be removed in a vertical direction via the channel section 12b.
[0106] Fig. 4 and 5 illustrate further alternative embodiments of the building block (according
to the present invention (fig. 4) and not according to the present invention (fig.
5)).
[0107] Fig. 4 accordingly is a cross-sectional view of yet another embodiment of a building
block according to the present invention.
[0108] Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of a building block corresponding to the building block
illustrated in Fig. 6, however without the longitudinal channel section.
[0109] The building block in Fig. 4 comprises a channel comprising two channel sections
12a,12b, wherein the first channel section 12a extends in a height direction Z from
an outer, upper distinct surface 8 of the building block and a portion into the interior
of the building block.
[0110] The second channel section 12b extends in the depth direction Y from an outer distinct
surface 8 of the second block 4 to the first channel section 12a in such a way that
the first channel section 12a is connected to the second channel section 12b.
[0111] In the building block in Fig. 4 the channel 12 extends from an outer, distinct surface
8 of the second block 4 to an upper, distinct surface 8 of the insulation block 6.
[0112] The building block 100 illustrated in Fig. 4 allows for leading radon away from the
area beneath a concrete floor which has been cast partly on top of the second block
4 of the building block 100. From the channel section 12b the radon may be removed
in the vertical direction via the channel section 12a.
[0113] Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing yet another alternative embodiment of a
building block (which is not according to the present invention).
[0114] In Fig. 5 is seen that the building block 100 comprises a channel 12 which in turn
comprises two channel sections 12a,12b, wherein the first channel section 12a extends
in a longitudinal direction X between two opposite, distinct end surfaces 8 of the
building block as illustrated in respect of the building block illustrated in Fig.
2a, 2b and 3.
[0115] The second channel section 12b extends in a height direction Z from an outer, upper
distinct surface 8 of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building
block in such a way that the first channel section 12a is connected to the second
channel section 12b.
[0116] The building block 100 illustrated in Fig. 5 allows that radon being present in the
channel section 12a can be removed in a vertical direction via the channel section
12a, for example by conveying it out in the open.
[0117] Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing yet another embodiment of a building block
according to the present invention.
[0118] Fig. 6 shows that the building block comprises a channel 12 which in turn comprises
three channel sections 12a,12b and 12c. The first channel section 12a extends in the
longitudinal direction X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces 8 of the building
block as illustrated in respect of the building block shown in Fig. 2a, 2b and 3.
[0119] The second channel section 12b extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper
distinct surface 8 of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building
block in such a way that the first channel section 12a is connected to the second
channel section 12b.
[0120] The third channel section 12c extends in the depth direction Y from an outer surface
8 of the building block and into the building block to the first channel section 12a.
[0121] The building block 100 illustrated in Fig. 6 allows for conveying radon which is
being collected beneath the concrete floor of a building, to the first channel section
12b via the third channel section 12c. From here, the radon may be removed either
in a horizontal direction via the first channel section 12a, or else in a vertical
direction via the second channel section 12b.
[0122] Fig. 7a is a cross-sectional view illustrating yet another alternative embodiment
of a building block (which is not according to the present invention). Fig. 7b is
a cross-sectional view illustrating an alternative embodiment of the building block
illustrated in fig. 7a.
[0123] Fig. 7a shows that the building block 100 comprises a channel 12 extending in a depth
direction Y between two opposite, distinct surfaces 8 of the building block, viz.
the two surfaces corresponding to an inner surface of a foundation and the opposite,
outer surface.
[0124] It is seen that the channel 12 extends in the interior of the building block.
[0125] Fig. 7b shows an alternative embodiment of the building block of Fig. 7a, in which
the channel 12 extends along the bottom of the building block, the channel thereby
not being completely surrounded by the material of the building block.
[0126] Fig. 8a is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building block (which is not
according to the present invention) which serves the purpose of forming an inner corner
in a foundation.
[0127] It is seen in Fig. 8a that the building block 100 comprises a first block 2 which
makes up a right angled parallelepipedum, and wherein the second block 4 and the insulation
block 6 are L-shaped.
[0128] Hereby the building block will be suitable for forming an inner corner in a foundation.
It is seen in Fig. 8a that the second block 4 at the surface 8 which will face the
interior of the building, comprises an opening 20 to the channel 12. The channel 12
leads for example through the building block to the opposite, vertical surface of
the first block 2. The latter surface accordingly will face away from the interior
of the finished building.
[0129] Fig. 8b is a perspective view illustrating an embodiment of a building block (which
is not according to the present invention) which serves the purpose of forming an
outer corner in a foundation.
[0130] It is seen in Fig. 8b that the building block 100 comprises a first block 2 and an
insulation block 6 which are both L-shaped. Moreover, the building block comprises
a second block 4 which makes up a right angled parallelepipedum.
[0131] Hereby the building block will be suitable for forming an outer corner in a foundation.
It is seen again in Fig. 8b that the second block 4 at the surface 8 which will face
the interior of the building, comprises an opening 20 to the channel 12. The channel
12 leads for example through the building block to the opposite, vertical surface
of the first block 2. The latter surface accordingly faces away from the interior
of the finished building.
[0132] Fig. 9 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a building system (which is not
according to the present invention).
[0133] Fig. 9 shows a part of a building system which comprises the building block 100 and
the tube 18. The building block 100 is having a channel 12 comprising two channel
sections 12a, 12b, as explained in respect of Fig. 5.
[0134] A tube 18 is arranged in the opening 20 which in turn is arranged in the upper surface
8 of the building block.
[0135] As more building blocks having a longitudinal channel, as the channel 12a illustrated
in Fig. 9, are arranged following each other, radon, which is being collected beneath
the concrete floor in a house, via a building block as illustrated in Fig. 3 or 6,
can be conveyed into a longitudinal channel 12 extending in the longitudinal direction
of the building block. In case one of the building blocks, which is being arranged
following another, is a building block having a shape as illustrated in either Fig.
5, 6 or 9, one may arrange a tube 18 in the opening 20 of the channel 12 facing upward.
[0136] Hereby it is possible, along a foundation, to collect and remove radon from the building
in a vertical direction.
[0137] In the upper end of the tube a ventilation device may be arranged, such as an air
pump, which continuously will provide a suction in the channel 12 with the view to
collect and remove radon from the building.
[0138] Such a ventilation device could also be arranged at other locations of the channel
12.
[0139] With the various aspects of the invention a more healthy inner climate can be secured
in a building.
[0140] It should be understood that all features and achievements discussed above and in
the appended claims in relation to one aspect of the present invention and embodiments
thereof apply equally well to the other aspects of the present invention and embodiments
thereof.
List of reference numerals
[0141]
- 2
- First block of building block
- 4
- Second block of building block
- 6
- Insulation block of building block
- 8,8a,8b,8c
- Distinct surface of building block
- 8d,8e,8f
- Distinct surface of building block
- 10
- Edge between distinct surfaces of building block
- 10a
- Inner edge of distinct surfaces of building block
- 10b
- Outer edge of distinct surfaces of building block
- 12,12'
- Channel in building block
- 12a,12b,12c
- Channel section in building block
- 14
- Interface between insulation block and first block
- 16
- Interface between insulation block and second block
- 18
- Tube
- 20
- Opening into channel at a distinct surface of building block
- 100
- Building block
- 200
- Building system
- 300
- Ordinary building block according to the prior art
- 302
- First block of building block according to the prior art
- 304
- Second block of building block according to the prior art
- 306
- Insulation block of building block according to the prior art
- 308
- Floor in wall/floor structure according to the prior art
- 310
- Wall in wall/floor structure according to the prior art
- 312
- Lose gravel of expanded clay in floor structure according to the prior art
- 314
- Wall
- 316
- Soil
- 318
- Interior of building
1. A building block (100), wherein said building block in the orientation intended during
use comprises:
- a first block (2);
- a second block (4);
- an insulation block (6);
wherein the insulation block (6) is being arranged between the first block (2) and
the second block (4);
wherein the building block (100) is having an extension in a longitudinal direction
X; in a depth direction Y and in a height direction Z;
wherein the building block (100) accordingly comprises a number of distinct surfaces
(8,8a,8b,8c,8d,8e,8f), which in pairs are being mutually separated by an edge (10,10a,10b);
wherein said building block (100) comprises one or more channels (12), wherein one
or more of these one or more channels define(s) a passage from one distinct surface
(8) to another distinct surface (8);
wherein said channel (12) comprises two channel sections (12a,12b), wherein the first
channel section (12a) extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct
surface (8) of the building block (100) and a portion into the interior of the building
block; and wherein second channel section (12b) extends in the depth direction Y from
an outer, distinct surface (8) of the second block (4) to the first channel section
(12a) in such a way that the first channel section (12a) is connected to the second
channel section (12b); characterised in that said channel (12) extends at least through a part of the insulation block (6).
2. A building system (200) comprising a plurality of building blocks (100,300), wherein
one or more of said building blocks (100) is/are a building block (100) according
to claim 1;
wherein said building system (200) additionally comprises one or more ordinary building
blocks (300) in the sense defined in respect of the building block (100) of claim
1, yet without the presence of any channel (12).
3. A building system (200) according to claim 2, wherein in respect of one or more of
said building blocks (100) said one or more of the channels (12) independently extend(s)
through at least a part of the first block (2) and/or at least through a part of the
second block (4).
4. A building system (200) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein in respect of one or more
of said building blocks (100), the extension H1 in the height direction Z of the first block (2), the extension H3 in the height direction Z of the insulation block (6) essentially are the same; and
wherein the extension H2 in the height direction Z of the second block (4) is smaller than the extension H1 in the height direction Z of the first block (2).
5. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2-4, wherein in respect of
one or more of said building blocks (100), the extension L1 in the longitudinal direction X of the first block (2), and the extension L2 in the longitudinal direction X of the second block (4) essentially are the same;
and wherein the extension L3 in the longitudinal direction X of the insulation block (6) is larger than the extensions
L1, L2 in the longitudinal direction X of the first block (2) and the second block (4),
respectively.
6. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2 - 5, wherein in respect of
one or more of said building blocks (100), the first block (2) is having an extension
D1 in the depth direction Y, and wherein the second block (4) is having an extension
D2 in the depth direction Y; and wherein the insulation block (6) is having an extension
D3 in the depth direction Y; and wherein D1 = D2 = D3; or wherein D1 < D2 = D3; or wherein D1 = D2 < D3; or wherein D1 < D2 < D3.
7. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2-6, wherein in respect of
one or more of said building blocks (100), the insulation block (6) is being fastened
to the first block (2) and/or to the second block (4) with adhesive or glue; and/or
wherein the insulation block (6) is being mechanically fastened to the first block
(2) and/or to the second block (4), such as with bolts or screws.
8. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2-7, wherein said building
system (200) additionally comprises one or more other type of building blocks (100),
wherein in respect of said other type of building block (100), said other type of
building block (100) comprises a channel (12) which extends in the longitudinal direction
X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces (8) of the building block.
9. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2 - 8, wherein said building
system (200) additionally comprises one or more other type of building blocks (100),
wherein in respect of said other type of building block (100), said other type of
building block (100) comprises a channel (12) comprising two channel sections (12a,12b),
wherein the first channel section (12a) extends in the longitudinal direction X between
two opposite, distinct end-surfaces (8) of the building block; and wherein second
channel section (12b) extends in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface
(8) of the second block (4) to the first channel section (12a) in such a way that
the first channel section (12a) is connected to the second channel section (12b).
10. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2-9, wherein said building
system (200) additionally comprises one or more other type of building blocks (100),
wherein in respect of said other type of building block (100), said other type of
building block (100) comprises a channel (12) comprising two channel sections (12a,12b),
wherein the first channel section (12a) extends in the longitudinal direction X between
two opposite, distinct end-surfaces (8) of the building block; and wherein the second
channel section (12b) extends in the height direction Z from an outer, upper distinct
surface (8) of the building block and a portion into the interior of the building
block in such a way that the first channel section (12a) is connected to the second
channel section (12b).
11. A building system (200) according to any of the claims 2 - 10, wherein said building
system (200) additionally comprises one or more other type of building blocks (100),
wherein in respect of said other type of building block (100), said other type of
building block (100) comprises a channel comprising three channel sections (12a,12b,
12c), wherein the first channel section (12a) extends in the longitudinal direction
X between two opposite, distinct end-surfaces (8) of the building block; and wherein
the second channel section (12b) extends in the height direction Z from an outer,
upper distinct surface (8) of the building block and a portion into the interior of
the building block in such a way that the second channel section (12b) is connected
to the first channel section (12a); wherein the third channel section (12c) extends
in the depth direction Y from an outer, distinct surface (8) of the second block to
the first channel section (12a) in such a way that the third channel section (12c)
is connected to the first channel section (12a).
12. A method for the manufacture of a building block (100) according to claim 1 comprising
the steps of:
a) providing a first block (2), a second block (4) and an insulation block (6) in
the desired dimensions in such a way that the building block upon assembly will define
the channel (12);
b) assembling the first block (2), the second block (4) and the insulation block (6)
in such a way that the insulation block (6) is being arranged between the first block
(2) and the second block (4); wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or
adhesive, or via mechanical fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed.
13. A method for the manufacture of a building block (100) according to claim 1 comprising
the steps of:
a) providing a first block (2), a second block (4) and an insulation block (6) in
the desired dimensions;
b) assembling the first block (2), the second block (4) and the insulation block (6)
in such a way that the insulation block (6) is being arranged between the first block
(2) and the second block (4); wherein the assembly is being performed using glue or
adhesive, or via mechanical fastening means, such as in the form of bolts or screws;
c) awaiting the glue or adhesive to cure, in case glue or adhesive is being employed;
d) forming the channel (12) in the building block, e.g. by drilling and/or by milling
material.
14. Use of a building block (100) according to claim 1 or of a building system (200) according
to any of the claims 2 - 11 as building block(s) in a structure.
15. Use according to claim 14 for reducing the level of influx of radon into the interior
of a building from an area below the floor of said building.
1. Baustein (100), wobei der Baustein in der während der Verwendung vorgesehenen Ausrichtung
umfasst:
- einen ersten Stein (2);
- einen zweiten Stein (4);
- einen Isolierstein (6);
wobei der Isolierstein (6) zwischen dem ersten Stein (2) und dem zweiten Stein (4)
angeordnet ist;
wobei der Baustein (100) eine Erstreckung in einer Längsrichtung X; in einer Tiefenrichtung
Y und in einer Höhenrichtung Z aufweist;
wobei der Baustein (100) dementsprechend eine Anzahl unterschiedlicher Oberflächen
(8,8a,8b,8c,8d,8e,8f) umfasst, die paarweise durch eine Kante (10,10a,10b) voneinander
getrennt sind;
wobei der Baustein (100) einen oder mehrere Kanäle (12) umfasst, wobei einer oder
mehrere dieser einen oder mehreren Kanäle einen Durchgang von einer unterschiedlichen
Oberfläche (8) zu einer anderen unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8) definiert (definieren);
wobei der Kanal (12) zwei Kanalabschnitte (12a,12b) umfasst, wobei sich der erste
Kanalabschnitt (12a) in der Höhenrichtung Z von einer äußeren, oberen unterschiedlichen
Oberfläche (8) des Bausteins (100) und einen Teil in das Innere des Bausteins erstreckt;
und wobei sich der zweite Kanalabschnitt (12b) in der Tiefenrichtung Y von einer äußeren,
unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8) des zweiten Steins (4) zum ersten Kanalabschnitt
(12a) derart erstreckt, dass der erste Kanalabschnitt (12a) mit dem zweiten Kanalabschnitt
(12b) verbunden ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich der Kanal (12) zumindest durch einen Teil des Isoliersteins (6) erstreckt.
2. Bausystem (200), umfassend eine Vielzahl von Bausteinen (100,300), wobei einer oder
mehrere der Bausteine (100) ein Baustein (100) nach Anspruch 1 ist/sind;
wobei das Bausystem (200) zusätzlich einen oder mehrere gewöhnliche Bausteine (300)
im in Bezug auf den Baustein (100) nach Anspruch 1 definierten Sinne umfasst, jedoch
ohne das Vorhandensein eines Kanals (12).
3. Bausystem (200) nach Anspruch 2, wobei sich in Bezug auf einen oder mehrere der Bausteine
(100) der eine oder die mehreren Kanäle (12) unabhängig voneinander durch zumindest
einen Teil des ersten Steins (2) und/oder zumindest durch einen Teil des zweiten Steins
(4) erstreckt (erstrecken).
4. Bausystem (200) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei in Bezug auf einen oder mehrere der
Bausteine (100) die Erstreckung H1 in der Höhenrichtung Z des ersten Steins (2), die Erstreckung H3 in der Höhenrichtung Z des Isoliersteins (6) im Wesentlichen gleich sind; und wobei
die Erstreckung H2 in Höhenrichtung Z des zweiten Steins (4) kleiner ist als die Erstreckung H1 in Höhenrichtung Z des ersten Steins (2).
5. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 4, wobei in Bezug auf einen oder mehrere
der Bausteine (100) die Erstreckung L1 in der Längsrichtung X des ersten Steins (2) und die Erstreckung L2 in der Längsrichtung X des zweiten Steins (4) im Wesentlichen gleich sind; und wobei
die Erstreckung L3 in der Längsrichtung X des Isoliersteins (6) größer ist als die Erstreckungen L1, L2 in der Längsrichtung X des ersten Steins (2) beziehungsweise des zweiten Steins (4).
6. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 5, wobei in Bezug auf einen oder mehrere
der Bausteine (100) der erste Stein (2) eine Erstreckung D1 in der Tiefenrichtung Y aufweist, und wobei der zweite Stein (4) eine Erstreckung
D2 in der Tiefenrichtung Y aufweist; und wobei der Isolierstein (6) eine Erstreckung
D3 in der Tiefenrichtung Y aufweist; und wobei D1 = D2 = D3; oder wobei D1 < D2 = D3; oder wobei D1 = D2 < D3; oder wobei D1 < D2 < D3.
7. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 6, wobei in Bezug auf einen oder mehrere
der Bausteine (100) der Isolierstein (6) am ersten Stein (2) und/oder am zweiten Stein
(4) mit Klebstoff oder Leim befestigt ist; und/oder wobei der Isolierstein (6) mechanisch
am ersten Stein (2) und/oder am zweiten Stein (4) befestigt wird, beispielsweise mit
Bolzen oder Schrauben.
8. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 7, wobei das Bausystem (200) zusätzlich
einen oder mehrere andere Typen von Bausteinen (100) umfasst, wobei in Bezug auf den
anderen Typ von Baustein (100) der andere Typ von Baustein (100) einen Kanal (12)
umfasst, der sich in der Längsrichtung X zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden, unterschiedlichen
Endflächen (8) des Bausteins erstreckt.
9. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 8, wobei das Bausystem (200) zusätzlich
einen oder mehrere andere Typen von Bausteinen (100) umfasst, wobei in Bezug auf den
anderen Typ von Baustein (100) der andere Typ von Baustein (100) einen Kanal (12)
umfasst, der zwei Kanalabschnitte (12a, 12b) umfasst, wobei sich der erste Kanalabschnitt
(12a) in der Längsrichtung X zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden, unterschiedlichen Endflächen
(8) des Bausteins erstreckt; und wobei sich der zweite Kanalabschnitt (12b) in der
Tiefenrichtung Y von einer äußeren, unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8) des zweiten Steins
(4) zum ersten Kanalabschnitt (12a) derart erstreckt, dass der erste Kanalabschnitt
(12a) mit dem zweiten Kanalabschnitt (12b) verbunden ist.
10. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 9, wobei das Bausystem (200) zusätzlich
einen oder mehrere andere Typen von Bausteinen (100) umfasst, wobei, in Bezug auf
den anderen Typ von Baustein (100), der andere Typ von Baustein (100) einen Kanal
(12) umfasst, der zwei Kanalabschnitte (12a,12b) umfasst, wobei sich der erste Kanalabschnitt
(12a) in der Längsrichtung X zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden, unterschiedlichen Endflächen
(8) des Bausteins erstreckt; und wobei sich der zweite Kanalabschnitt (12b) in der
Höhenrichtung Z von einer äußeren, oberen unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8) des Bausteins
und einen Teil in das Innere des Bausteins derart erstreckt, dass der erste Kanalabschnitt
(12a) mit dem zweiten Kanalabschnitt (12b) verbunden ist.
11. Bausystem (200) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 - 10, wobei das Bausystem (200) zusätzlich
einen oder mehrere andere Typen von Bausteinen (100) umfasst, wobei in Bezug auf den
anderen Typ von Baustein (100) der andere Typ von Baustein (100) einen Kanal umfasst,
der drei Kanalabschnitte (12a,12b,12c) umfasst, wobei sich der erste Kanalabschnitt
(12a) in der Längsrichtung X zwischen zwei gegenüberliegenden, unterschiedlichen Endflächen
(8) des Bausteins erstreckt; und wobei sich der zweite Kanalabschnitt (12b) in der
Höhenrichtung Z von einer äußeren, oberen, unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8) des Bausteins
und einen Teil in das Innere des Bausteins derart erstreckt, dass der zweite Kanalabschnitt
(12b) mit dem ersten Kanalabschnitt (12a) verbunden ist; wobei sich der dritte Kanalabschnitt
(12c) in der Tiefenrichtung Y von einer äußeren, unterschiedlichen Oberfläche (8)
des zweiten Bausteins zu einem ersten Kanalabschnitt (12a) derart erstreckt, dass
der dritte Kanalabschnitt (12c) mit dem ersten Kanalabschnitt (12a) verbunden ist.
12. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bausteins (100) nach Anspruch 1, umfassend die Schritte:
a) Bereitstellen eines ersten Steins (2), eines zweiten Steins (4) und eines Isoliersteins
(6) in den gewünschten Abmessungen derart, dass der Baustein beim Zusammenbau den
Kanal (12) definiert;
b) Zusammenbauen des ersten Steins (2), des zweiten Steins (4) und des Isoliersteins
(6) derart, dass der Isolierstein (6) zwischen dem ersten Stein (2) und dem zweiten
Stein (4) angeordnet wird; wobei der Zusammenbau unter Verwendung von Leim oder Klebstoff
oder über mechanische Befestigungsmittel, beispielsweise in Form von Bolzen oder Schrauben,
durchgeführt wird;
c) Warten auf das Aushärten des Leims oder Klebstoffs, falls Leim oder Klebstoff eingesetzt
wird.
13. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bausteins (100) nach Anspruch 1, umfassend die Schritte:
a) Bereitstellen eines ersten Steins (2), eines zweiten Steins (4) und eines Isoliersteins
(6) in den gewünschten Abmessungen;
b) Zusammenbauen des ersten Steins (2), des zweiten Steins (4) und des Isoliersteins
(6) derart, dass der Isolierstein (6) zwischen dem ersten Stein (2) und dem zweiten
Stein (4) angeordnet wird; wobei der Zusammenbau unter Verwendung von Leim oder Klebstoff
oder über mechanische Befestigungsmittel, beispielsweise in Form von Bolzen oder Schrauben,
durchgeführt wird;
c) Warten auf das Aushärten des Leims oder Klebstoffs, falls Leim oder Klebstoff eingesetzt
wird;
d) Ausbilden des Kanals (12) im Baustein, z.B. durch Bohren und/oder durch Fräsen
von Material.
14. Verwendung eines Bausteins (100) nach Anspruch 1 oder eines Bausystems (200) nach
einem der Ansprüche 2 - 11 als Baustein(e) in einem Bauwerk.
15. Verwendung nach Anspruch 14 zur Reduzierung des Radoneinströmungsniveaus in das Innere
eines Gebäudes aus einem Bereich unterhalb des Bodens des Gebäudes.
1. Bloc de construction (100), dans lequel ledit bloc de construction, dans l'orientation
prévue pendant l'utilisation, comprend :
- un premier bloc (2) ;
- un second bloc (4) ;
- un bloc isolant (6) ;
dans lequel le bloc isolant (6) est agencé entre le premier bloc (2) et le second
bloc (4) ;
dans lequel le bloc de construction (100) comporte une extension dans une direction
longitudinale X ; dans une direction de profondeur Y et dans une direction de hauteur
Z ;
dans lequel le bloc de construction (100) comprend en conséquence un certain nombre
de surfaces distinctes (8, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f), qui, par paires, sont mutuellement
séparées par un bord (10, 10a, 10b) ;
dans lequel ledit bloc de construction (100) comprend un ou plusieurs canaux (12),
dans lequel un ou plusieurs de ces un ou plusieurs canaux définit/définissent un passage
depuis une surface distincte (8) à une autre surface distincte (8) ;
dans lequel ledit canal (12) comprend deux sections de canal (12a, 12b), dans lequel
la première section de canal (12a) s'étend dans la direction de hauteur Z depuis une
surface externe supérieure distincte (8) du bloc de construction (100) et une portion
à l'intérieur du bloc de construction ; et dans lequel la deuxième section de canal
(12b) s'étend dans la direction de profondeur Y depuis une surface externe distincte
(8) du second bloc (4) jusqu'à la première section de canal (12a) de telle sorte que
la première section de canal (12a) soit connectée à la deuxième section de canal (12b)
;
caractérisé en ce que ledit canal (12) s'étend au moins à travers une partie du bloc isolant (6).
2. Système de construction (200) comprenant une pluralité de blocs de construction (100,
300), dans lequel un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100) est/sont un
bloc de construction (100) selon la revendication 1 ;
dans lequel ledit système de construction (200) comprend en outre un ou plusieurs
blocs de construction ordinaires (300) au sens défini pour le bloc de construction
(100) selon la revendication 1, mais sans la présence d'un quelconque canal (12).
3. Système de construction (200) selon la revendication 2, dans lequel, par rapport à
un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100), ledit un ou plusieurs des canaux
(12) s'étend/s'étendent indépendamment à travers au moins une partie du premier bloc
(2) et/ou au moins à travers une partie du second bloc (4).
4. Système de construction (200) selon la revendication 2 ou 3, dans lequel, par rapport
à un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100), l'extension H1 dans la direction de hauteur Z du premier bloc (2), l'extension H3 dans la direction de hauteur Z du bloc isolant (6) sont essentiellement les mêmes
; et dans lequel l'extension H2 dans la direction de hauteur Z du second bloc (4) est plus petite que l'extension
H1 dans la direction de hauteur Z du premier bloc (2).
5. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, dans
lequel, par rapport à un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100), l'extension
L1 dans la direction longitudinale X du premier bloc (2), et l'extension L2 dans la direction longitudinale X du second bloc (4) sont essentiellement les mêmes
; et dans lequel l'extension L3 dans la direction longitudinale X du bloc isolant (6) est plus grande que les extensions
L1, L2 dans la direction longitudinale X du premier bloc (2) et du second bloc (4), respectivement.
6. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 5, dans
lequel, par rapport à un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100), le premier
bloc (2) comporte une extension D1 dans la direction de profondeur Y, et dans lequel le second bloc (4) comporte une
extension D2 dans la direction de profondeur Y ; et dans lequel le bloc isolant (6) comporte une
extension D3 dans la direction de profondeur Y ; et dans lequel D1 = D2 = D3 ; ou dans lequel D1 < D2 = D3 ; ou dans lequel D1 = D2 < D3 ; ou dans lequel D1 < D2 < D3.
7. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, dans
lequel, par rapport à un ou plusieurs desdits blocs de construction (100), le bloc
isolant (6) est fixé au premier bloc (2) et/ou au second bloc (4) avec de l'adhésif
ou de la colle ; et/ou dans lequel le bloc isolant (6) est fixé mécaniquement au premier
bloc (2) et/ou au second bloc (4), tel qu'avec des boulons ou des vis.
8. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 7, dans
lequel ledit système de construction (200) comprend en outre un ou plusieurs autres
types de blocs de construction (100), dans lequel, par rapport audit autre type de
bloc de construction (100), ledit autre type de bloc de construction (100) comprend
un canal (12) qui s'étend dans la direction longitudinale X entre deux surfaces d'extrémité
opposées et distinctes (8) du bloc de construction.
9. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 8, dans
lequel ledit système de construction (200) comprend en outre un ou plusieurs autre(s)
type(s) de blocs de construction (100), dans lequel, par rapport audit autre type
de bloc de construction (100), ledit autre type de bloc de construction (100) comprend
un canal (12) comprenant deux sections de canal (12a, 12b), dans lequel la première
section de canal (12a) s'étend dans la direction longitudinale X entre deux surfaces
d'extrémité opposées, distinctes (8) du bloc de construction ; et dans lequel la deuxième
section de canal (12b) s'étend dans la direction de profondeur Y depuis une surface
externe distincte (8) du second bloc (4) jusqu'à la première section de canal (12a)
de telle sorte que la première section de canal (12a) soit connectée à la deuxième
section de canal (12b).
10. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 9, dans
lequel ledit système de construction (200) comprend en outre un ou plusieurs autre(s)
type(s) de blocs de construction (100), dans lequel, par rapport audit autre type
de bloc de construction (100), ledit autre type de bloc de construction (100) comprend
un canal (12) comprenant deux sections de canal (12a, 12b), dans lequel la première
section de canal (12a) s'étend dans la direction longitudinale X entre deux surfaces
d'extrémité opposées, distinctes (8) du bloc de construction ; et dans lequel la deuxième
section de canal (12b) s'étend dans la direction de hauteur Z depuis une surface externe,
supérieure, distincte (8) du bloc de construction et une portion à l'intérieur du
bloc de construction de telle sorte que la première section de canal (12a) soit connectée
à la deuxième section de canal (12b).
11. Système de construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 10, dans
lequel ledit système de construction (200) comprend en outre un ou plusieurs autre(s)
type(s) de blocs de construction (100), dans lequel, par rapport audit autre type
de bloc de construction (100), ledit autre type de bloc de construction (100) comprend
un canal comprenant trois sections de canal (12a, 12b, 12c), dans lequel la première
section de canal (12a) s'étend dans la direction longitudinale X entre deux surfaces
d'extrémité opposées, distinctes (8) du bloc de construction ; et dans lequel la deuxième
section de canal (12b) s'étend dans la direction de hauteur Z depuis une surface externe,
supérieure, distincte (8) du bloc de construction et une portion à l'intérieur du
bloc de construction de telle sorte que la deuxième section de canal (12b) soit connectée
à la première section de canal (12a) ; dans lequel la troisième section de canal (12c)
s'étend dans la direction de profondeur Y depuis une surface externe distincte (8)
du second bloc jusqu'à la première section de canal (12a) de telle sorte que la troisième
section de canal (12c) soit connectée à la première section de canal (12a).
12. Procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant
les étapes de :
a) fourniture d'un premier bloc (2), d'un second bloc (4) et d'un bloc isolant (6)
dans les dimensions souhaitées de telle sorte que le bloc de construction, lors de
l'assemblage, définisse le canal (12) ;
b) assemblage du premier bloc (2), du second bloc (4) et du bloc isolant (6) de telle
sorte que le bloc isolant (6) soit agencé entre le premier bloc (2) et le second bloc
(4) ; dans lequel l'assemblage est réalisé à l'aide de colle ou d'adhésif, ou via
des moyens de fixation mécaniques, tels que sous forme de boulons ou de vis ;
c) attente que la colle ou l'adhésif durcisse, en cas d'utilisation de colle ou d'adhésif.
13. Procédé de fabrication d'un bloc de construction (100) selon la revendication 1, comprenant
les étapes de :
a) fourniture d'un premier bloc (2), d'un second bloc (4) et d'un bloc isolant (6)
dans les dimensions souhaitées ;
b) assemblage du premier bloc (2), du second bloc (4) et du bloc isolant (6) de telle
sorte que le bloc isolant (6) soit agencé entre le premier bloc (2) et le second bloc
(4) ; dans lequel l'assemblage est réalisé à l'aide de colle ou d'adhésif, ou via
des moyens de fixation mécaniques, tels que sous forme de boulons ou de vis ;
c) attente que la colle ou l'adhésif durcisse, en cas d'utilisation de colle ou d'adhésif
;
d) formation du canal (12) dans le bloc de construction, par ex. par perçage et/ou
par fraisage du matériau.
14. Utilisation d'un bloc de construction (100) selon la revendication 1 ou système de
construction (200) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 11 en tant que bloc(s)
de construction dans une structure.
15. Utilisation selon la revendication 14 pour réduire le niveau d'afflux de radon à l'intérieur
d'un bâtiment depuis une zone située au-dessous du plancher dudit bâtiment.